**5.2 Seed treatment**

Seed treatment is environment friendly and economical with excellent control. The systematic and relatively low rate of the application makes it user-friendly for seed dressing and it protects from sucking insect pests by eliminating the repeated needs for sprays. Seed treatment by using neonicotinoid insecticides against piercing-sucking insects, such as aphids is very effective. Ahmed et al. [125] reported that when imidacloprid in combination with tebuconazole is used as seed treatment against *Schizaphis graminum* can control aphids for 8 weeks. The mixture of imidacloprid + Tebuconazle with a relatively low rate of application can make it environment friendly and an effective option for seed dressing against *Schizaphis graminum* [126]. It can be concluded that Actara® and Hombre® as seed treatment could be efficiently utilized for controlling *Sitobion avenae* [127].
