**3.1 Seed treatment**

Seed treatment is one of most important control measures which reduce the chances of insect's pests attack because eggs of some insects are glued to seeds and spores of different seed born diseases are attached so that seed treatment is necessary to control the insect's population at its initial stages. Different Insecticides were used to treat seeds against different insects' pests. Fall army worm *Spodoptera frugiperda*, green bug a, hessein fly often present in wheat crop in numbers so that they have a great impact to limit the yield of crop. In this case different measures can be used to limit these pests' infestations. Systemic seed treatment is which is an effective method to control these pests' infestations. Insecticides like imidacloprid treatment of seeds reduce infestation of Russian wheat aphid 27–85 days in wheat and barley crops [128, 139, 140].
