**Abstract**

Russian wheat aphid (RWA) is an international pest on wheat and occurs in most countries where large scale wheat cultivation is practiced. Consequently, considerable efforts have been made to manage RWA globally. The two management options used currently are chemical control and breeding for deployment of resistant wheat cultivars. There are however drawbacks to both of these management practices. Chemical control has a negative impact on the environment, especially other insect groups such as predators, pollinators and decomposers. With widespread and continuous use of the same active ingredients, there is the possibility that RWA can build up resistance against these specific active ingredients. The drawback with resistance breeding is that certain RWA populations can overcome the resistance in the wheat, resulting in new biotypes virulent to the resistant wheat cultivars.

**Keywords:** Russian wheat aphid, *Diuraphis noxia*, wheat, *Triticum aestivum*, biotypes, insecticide resistance
