*5.1.2 Marginal heterosis in intra-subspecific hybrids*

Two-lines and inter-subspecific (*indica/japonica*) hybrids are comparatively more heterotic (5–10%) than three-line *indica* hybrids. But owing to several inevitable difficulties in seed production of two-line hybrids and poor grain and eating quality in inter-subspecific hybrids, both could not be exploited in the countries like India who has vast climatic and food affection diversity. We are utilizing three-line *indica* hybrids which are comparatively less heterotic hybrid breeding systems giving low yields. Hence, focused and intensive research is proposed to make above said hitches be addressed in future.
