**6. Conclusions**

The purpose of this chapter is to review the Indonesian framework for climate change adaptation and identify factors affecting the perceived-impact of climate change on smallholder rice farmers in Indonesia. Eight factors significantly affect how a farmer perceived the impact of climate change. The study indicates that Indonesian rice farmers are concentrated in the Java and Sumatera island. However, a substantial number of farmers outside these areas are heavily impacted by climate change. Thus, targeting program beneficiaries based on the characteristics of vulnerable farmers are crucial in improving the efficacy of Indonesian climate policy.
