**Author details**

*Recent Advances in Rice Research*

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**6. Conclusions**

**Figure 5.**

**Acknowledgements**

**Conflict of interest**

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

manuscript.

The purpose of this chapter is to review the Indonesian framework for climate change adaptation and identify factors affecting the perceived-impact of climate change on smallholder rice farmers in Indonesia. Eight factors significantly affect how a farmer perceived the impact of climate change. The study indicates that Indonesian rice farmers are concentrated in the Java and Sumatera island. However, a substantial number of farmers outside these areas are heavily impacted by climate change. Thus, targeting program beneficiaries based on the characteristics of vulnerable farmers are crucial in improving the efficacy of Indonesian climate policy.

*The distribution of farmers with a high perceived-impact of climate change (A) low education farmers, (B) male farmers, (C) lease/sharecropping farmers, (D) farmers with no irrigation, (E) multiculture farmers, (F) farmers not applied fertilizer, (G) non-member in farmer group, and (H) No access to extension services (the color* 

*indicate the farmer density, the darker the color, the higher the density) (source: Authors work).*

We wish to acknowledge the Editor and the Author Services Manager of IntechOpen for proving meaningful support during the preparation of the

Rokhani1 , Mohammad Rondhi<sup>2</sup> \*, Anik Suwandari<sup>2</sup> , Ahmad Asrofi2 , Ahmad Fatikhul Khasan2 , Yasuhiro Mori3 and Takumi Kondo4

1 Department of Agricultural Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia

2 Department of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia

3 Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan

4 Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

\*Address all correspondence to: rondhi.faperta@unej.ac.id

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
