*5.2.3 Out-crossing enhancement in seed parent*

Low seed producibility (1.5–2.5 t/ha) in the CMS remains a concern, restricts seed abundancy, and area expansion in India. Trait development in seed parent for out-crossing traits like stigma exertion, complete panicle exertion is important and needs to be addressed strategically. Recently, a CMS line, IR-79156A possessing more than 50% out-crossing, developed by IRRI showed seed producibility of 3.5 t/ha.

### *5.2.4 Ideotype hybrid breeding*

To maximize genetic gain in rice, breeding of ideal plant type was started long back in Japan and subsequently adopted by China. Through morphological improvement and adopting inter-subspecific (*indica/japonica*) hybrid strategies, substantial progress in ideotype hybrid breeding "super hybrid" have been achieved. China, indeed has made considerable progress and released more than 100 high yielding super hybrids [25]. Hence, inclusion of inter-subspecific quality type inbreds "super rice" in hybrid development will have substantial impact in attaining quantum genetic gains in hybrids.
