**6. Conclusion**

Pigmented rice especially black rick contains a wide range of biologically active compounds for example cyanidin O-glucoside that can be used in a various in functional foods and in nutraceuticals applications. The advancement of isolation and quail-quantification techniques provides more opportunities for *in-vitro* and *in vivo* studies on potential health benefits, given by pigmented rice and its by-products. In addition, most of the studies on the biological properties of black or red rice bioactive compounds have been conducted through an *in vitro* approach; however, more preclinical or in animal studies should be considered. Further investigations will be needed to study evidence on the efficacy of bioactive compounds including phenolic acids and anthocyanins in pigmented rice in terms of antagonistic, additive/ non-interactive, or synergistic effect on potential health benefits.
