**Author details**

*Environmental Issues and Sustainable Development*

The typical advantages of iron based AOPs are:

without formation of toxic intermediates.

ii.It offers a cost-effective source of HO•

working personnel.

**4. Conclusions**

**Acknowledgements**

Central Instruments Facility (CIF).

photocatalytic treatments like UVPC is used. However, uniform illumination of UV light and separation of catalyst particles could limit the application. Application of artificial UV light increases the cost of treatment and also poses health hazard to the

i.The process is capable to destroy a wide variety of organic compounds even

iii.In FP and PFP, both oxidation and coagulation take place simultaneously.

AOPs undergo through different reacting systems such as homogeneous or heterogeneous phases and in light or dark. It causes consecutive unselective degradation of organic materials. Complete mineralization occurs even at very low concentration and the byproducts formed may be environmentally non-hazardous. Biological treatment is recognized as the cheapest available technology to remove and degrade organic contaminants. However, advanced separation technology gives very inefficient degradation of PhACs because they are usually resistant to biodegradation and characterized by low BOD/COD ratio. Partial Fenton oxidation yields more biodegradable products together with the destruction of inhibitory effect towards microorganisms in the downstream biological treatment. It also increases the overall treatment efficiencies compared to the efficiency of individual process. AOPs can be employed for the detoxification of PhACs until the biodegradability is

We gratefully thank the Indian Institute of Guwahati (India), for providing the necessary research facilities to the Department of Chemical Engineering and

improved to a level amicable for subsequent biological treatment.

iv.Effective in destruction of refractory PhACs to improve biodegradability and produce an effluent that can be treated biologically as a finishing step.

radicals using easy-to-handle reagents.

**362**

Ardhendu Sekhar Giri Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, India

\*Address all correspondence to: agiri@iiserb.ac.in

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