**10.3 Surface modified anodes**

The electrode surface has a tremendous role in the total anode's efficiency. Currently, several reports have stated that surface alteration is advantageous in actuating increased bacterial adhesion and better biocompatibility that favors electron transfer kinetics. The surface alterations using TiO2-carbon fabric-based nanofiber usually attain the highest current density of 7.99 A/m2 , whereas a changed surface with carbon nanotubes and coated with conductive polymer had a maximal power density of 1573 mW/m2 . The two broad surface treatments that are most generally used are silicone coating and graphite or carbon surface application. Each of these surface alteration forms is discussed in subsequent subsections.
