*5.1.2 Adsorption*

Adsorption was found beneficial among the various physio-chemical treatment methods for removing organic compounds in wastewaters. Activated carbon is mainly used in treating wastewater, among other types of adsorbent materials. Although certain additional adsorbents can also be used to treat streams of wastewater and are cost-effective as well. For instance rice husk ash, coal fly ash, etc. [31].

#### *5.1.3 Membrane treatment*

Microfiltration, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, and electrodialysis are typical membrane separation processes. Highly feasible product recovery is possible using these methods and the effluent generated is of high quality which can be used directly [31].
