**3. Dealing more effectively with the challenge of communicating new information**

The three phenomena noted above are daunting, but the experiences of the virus modelers whose work was criticized unjustly is evidence of the importance of skilled communication that anticipates the dangers of inserting quality science into a political arena. Moreover, of course, improved communication depends in large measure on better modeling—taken one model at a time or together as informative ensemble.

These challenges bring to mind several strategies that can be productive in improving the workings of the models and the supporting of more confidence in their results. Before they are discussed, however, it can be productive to organize thoughts around more practical issues that can productively be considered when framing a complete research plan from creation to dissemination:


These thoughts are clearly interwoven, but the following subsections will provide some annotated descriptions of the italicized concepts and how they support the connections.
