**5.2 Plants**

Climate change impacts plant phenology. Different climate change components are involved including atmospheric carbon dioxide level, temperature, sea level, rainfall, weeds, and pests or microbes [14–19].

#### *5.2.1 Survival*

Plant survival is affected by climate change (**Figure 8**) [14–16]. The increased land surface temperature with the resulting mild winters promoting pest proliferation (e.g., allowing more pine beetles to survive), the invasion of farmlands by salty water, the wildfires, and the droughts compromise life of plants and lead to destruction of forests and damage to human agriculture. According to some reports,

**Figure 8.** *Climate change challenges plant survival.*

agriculture is the most endangered activity adversely affected by climate change. The decreased farming activity will lead to food insecurity.
