Meet the editors

Eusebio Cano Carmona obtained a Ph.D. in Science from the University of Granada, Spain. He is a Professor of Botany, University of Jaén, Spain. His fundamental line of research is flora and vegetation in Spain, Italy, Portugal, Palestine, the Caribbean islands, and Mexico. He has directed thirteen doctoral theses and published 250 articles, books, and book chapters. He has presented 200 papers/communications at national and interna-

tional congresses. He has held a number of different academic positions, including Dean of the Faculty of Experimental Sciences at the University of Jaen, Spain, and founder and director of the International Seminar on Management and Conservation of Biodiversity. He is a member of the Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian geobotany societies. Counselor of the I.E. G., Instituto de Estudios Giennenses, Jaén.

Ricardo Jorge Quinto Canas obtained a Ph.D. in Analysis and Management of Ecosystems and is currently an invited assistant professor in the Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Portugal, where he is a member of the university's Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR). He is also the head of the Division of Environmental Impact Assessment - Algarve Regional Coordination and Development Commission (CCDR-Al-

garve). His current research projects focus on botany, vegetation science (geobotany), biogeography, plant ecology, and biology conservation. Dr. Quinto-Canas has coauthored many journal publications, conference articles, and book chapters.

Ana Cano Ortiz obtained a Ph.D. in Botany from the University of Jaén, Spain. She has worked in private business, college, and high school education. She is co-director of four doctoral theses. Her main line of research is related to botanical bioindicators. She has worked in Spain, Italy, Portugal, and Central America. She has published more than 100 works in various national and international journals, as well as books and book chapters. She

has also presented numerous papers and communications at national and international congresses

Carmelo Maria Musarella, Ph.D., is a biologist specializing in plant biology. He studied and worked at several European universities. He is an adjunct professor of Plant Biology at the "Mediterranea" University of Reggio Calabria, Italy. His research interests include flora, vegetation, habitats, biogeography, taxonomy, ethnobotany, endemism, and biodiversity conservation. He has published many research articles in indexed journals and

books. He is a guest editor for *Plant Biosystems*. Dr. Musarella is a member of the permanent scientific committee of the International Conference on Biodiversity Conservation and Management. He has participated in several international and national congresses, seminars, and workshops and has presented several oral communications and posters.

Contents

**Section 1**

*and Carmelo María Musarella*

*and Donatas Ovodas*

Phenotyping

*and Anastasia Baranenkova*

*Persea americana* from Northeast Colombia

*Jorge Muñoz and Rafael Arango Isaza*

*by Maria Polivova and Anna Brook*

Plant Diversity in the Urban Landscape *by Tuba Gül Doğan and Engin Eroğlu*

**Preface XI**

Vegetation **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 9**

**Chapter 3 35**

**Chapter 4 53**

**Chapter 5 71**

**Chapter 6 93**

**Chapter 7 103**

Introductory Chapter: Methodological Aspects for the Study of Vegetation

Using GIS and the Diversity Indices: A Combined Approach to Woody

Classical and Modern Remote Mapping Methods for Vegetation Cover

Assessment of the State of Forest Plant Communities of Scots Pine

*by Elena Runova, Vera Savchenkova, Ekaterina Demina-Moskovskaya* 

*by Clara Inés Saldamando-Benjumea, Gloria Patricia Cañas-Gutiérrez,* 

The Use of NDVI and NDBI to Provide Subsidies to Public Manager's Decision Making on Maintaining the Thermal Comfort in Urban Areas

Detailed Investigation of Spectral Vegetation Indices for Fine Field-Scale

*by Arthur Santos, Fernando Santil and Claudionor Silva*

Landscape Genetics and Phytogeography of Criollo Avocadoes

*by Algimantas Česnulevičius, Artūras Bautrėnas, Linas Bevainis* 

(*Pinus sylvestris* L.) in the Conditions of Urban Ecosystems

*by Eusebio Cano Carmona, Ricardo Quinto Canas, Ana Cano Ortiz* 

## Contents



Preface

This book contains sixteen chapters related to various methodological aspects for the investigation of vegetation, that is, the application of different methodologies to

The book presents studies on types of indices and different ways of understanding plant dynamics. In general, the different chapters follow two methodological currents: the purely ecological and the phytosociological. In both cases, the authors rely on other branches of knowledge, such as cartography, biogeography, bioclimatology,

Purely methodological studies are provided, while others have a more applied nature. However, in all cases, the latest scientific advances are presented, some of

The editors would like to thank all the contributing authors as well as Author Service

**Dr. Eusebio Cano Carmona and Dr. Ana Cano Ortiz**

Dipartimento di Agraria - Università "Mediterranea" di Reggio Calabria,

University of Jaén,

**Dr. Ricardo Quinto Canas**

**Dr. Carmelo Maria Musarella**

University of Algarve,

Reggio Calabria, Italy

Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Center of Marine Sciences (CCMAR),

Jaén, Spain

Portugal

the study of plant communities and the landscape.

Manager Ms. Jasna Bozic at IntechOpen.

geology, ecophysiology, and even entomology and agronomy.

which are of great environmental and socioeconomic relevance.
