Contents



Preface

The brain is an interesting and fascinating organ. It is commonly viewed as an organ with complex anatomy and physiology. Lately, however, some scientists do not regard the brain as an organ! This is mainly because of their belief that the brain cannot be transplanted. The scientific reason for that is probably related to the quantum concept of the brain. From the perspective of quantum physics, the atom can exist in either particles or waves. This is the dual existence of an atom. Thus, besides the anatomical brain, the brain can also be viewed as whole waves, which interact meaningfully with the cosmological waves, forming a part of the cosmological quantum field (onefield). This concept highlights the importance of the brain for optimal human body function, which encompasses the whole of the universe. Any injury to the brain may give rise to nonoptimal or dysfunctional human body function. As a result, a brain injury is a real concern to a person who suffers from it and is commonly associated with an intrauterine, traumatic, ischemic, or hemorrhagic type of injury. The new information and understanding in traumatic brain injury gathered in this book from various field scientists may provide important insights into the pathophysiology, treatment,

Chapter 1 covers the historical aspect of intracranial pressure, waveforms, and compliance. The authors have touched upon the various waveforms for the ICP and

Chapter 2 is a superb review of the peripheral immune response following a traumatic brain injury. The detailed review also covers prevalence, pathology, and current methods in studying traumatic brain injury. Chapter 3 discusses brain injury and neuroinflammation of the gut-brain axis in individuals with cerebral palsy. Brain–gut or spinal cord–gut axis is currently a hot topic in neuroinflammation. Various diseases are related to this, including the current Covid-19 pandemic, which is rightly discussed by the authors. Chapter 4 comprehensively reviews the pathogenesis and prevention of fetal and neonatal brain injury with an emphasis on pathogenesis, prevention, management, and treatment. Chapter 5 presents the interesting topic of traumatic brain injury in children, which is uncommonly discussed in detail. Chapter 6 details noninvasive monitoring and diagnostic methods by using the transcranial Doppler, optic nerve sheath diameter, and intracranial pressure waveform. The various indexes used in these methods are well depicted in the tabulated forms. Chapter 7 concerns hyperbaric oxygenation in the treatment of traumatic brain injury. The chapter covers the mechanisms of head injury and potential positive mechanisms of hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The neuroprotective effects are stated clearly by the authors–increasing tissue oxygenation, reducing inflammation, decreasing apoptosis, reducing ICP, and promoting neurogenesis and angiogenesis. Based on these pathophysiological understandings, the authors went further in discussing the scientific studies that have been completed, including some with conflicting results. The added values of this chapter are the economic argument and a discussion of the chronic sequelae of head injury. Chapter 8 is an excellent review of the engineering aspect of head injury. It gives additional understanding to the clinician on the pathophysiology for "diffuse" head injury. As correctly stated at the conclusion, this chapter provides alternative insights in

and ultimate advancement of brain injury knowledge.

the importance of each.
