**Author details**

*Advancement and New Understanding in Brain Injury*

functions [84].

**6. Conclusion**

**Abbreviations**

object of future research.

CP Cerebral Palsy

IL Interleukin

IFN Interferon

CNS Central nervous system

TNF-α Tumor necrosis fator alpha

GABA Gamma-aminobutyric acid

GTC generalized tonic–clonic seizures

SARS Severe Acute respiratory syndrome

MERS Middle East Respiratory Syndrome

SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

AEDs Antiepileptic drugs SCFAs Short-chain fatty acids CPE Cerebral Palsy epileptic

GB Gengival Bleeding COVID-19 Coronavirus disease 2019

TLR Toll like receptor ICU intensive care unit Th T-helper cells

mortality in the senior population and in people with certain comorbidities which

Brain injury caused by hypoxia increases the risk of developing epilepsy that is difficult to control. In the presence of infection by SARS-CoV-2, there is greater susceptibility to the occurrence of convulsions, increasing their vulnerability.

Dysbiosis causes an increase in mucous permeability (leaky-gut) of the gutbrain axis, and increase in serum endotoxin, demonstrating a persistent inflammatory state, and supporting the emergence of new side effects, which can become the

Comorbidity is present in more than 30% of cases of infection with SARS-CoV-2 [80]. Organized by related mortality rates, the chronic conditions in victims with the virus include cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases, hypertension and cancer. All of these conditions, in the long run, tend to make the immune system imperfect, both in innate and adaptive terms in the immune

are known since they have differences in their immune profile [83].

**52**

Ana Cristina Ferreira1 \*, Marcelo Freire2,3, Vanessa Siqueira1 , Carolina Ferreira1 and Maria Teresa Santos1

1 Department of Individuals with Special Needs, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil

2 Department of Genomic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, California, USA

3 Department of Infectious Diseases School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

\*Address all correspondence to: anacristina.ferreira@gmail.com

© 2021 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
