**5. Conclusion**

An emerging cancer research area is the search for suitable molecular targets and effective anticancer compounds that modify the cancer targets. Capsaicin exhibits significant anticancer activity in various tumor stages by targeting multiple signaling pathways and cancer-associated genes. As a whole, capsaicin's anticancer pathways involve apoptosis initiation, cell growth arrest, and suppression of angiogenesis and metastasis. Capsaicin and its analogs activate the tumor-suppressive signaling pathway and associated transcription factors while inhibiting oncogenic signaling pathways and cancer cell promoters. In addition, capsaicin acts synergistically with other anticancer agents, allowing for the potential use of capsaicin with other chemotherapeutic agents in cancer therapy, and shows double advantage, i.e., capsaicinoids enhances the chemotherapeutic effect and pain relief for cancer patients. More research on capsaicin's and its analogs as anticancer targets holds the potential for future treatments and requires more study to improve our understanding of its efficacy in cancer treatment and prevention.
