*2.2.3.1 Management of PMMoV*

Treatment of *Capsicum* spp. seeds with 10% TSP for 2.5 hours (h) reduces the incidence of PMMoV. Other management options include sterilization of soil before planting, especially in screen-houses and ensuring good field hygiene after transplanting [13].

#### **2.3 Genus:** *Begomovirus*

The genus *Begomovirus* comprises monopartite or bipartite plant viruses that infect a wide range of crops throughout the world. Viruses in this genus are exclusively transmitted by the whitefly (*Bemisia tabaci*) in a persistent and circulative manner. These virus species have circular single-stranded DNA (ssDNAs) particles approximately 30 nm in length and 18 nm in diameter. Examples of important begomoviruses affecting pepper include PepLCV and TYLCV.
