**Acknowledgements**

The authors would like to thank, we are changing the funder to Agricultural Research Council: "Human, Research and innovation Capacity Development Initiative (HRICDI)" An Initiative of Department of Science and Technology (DSI), Managed by the "Agricultural Research Council (ARC)", Title: "Utilisation of traditional processing methods (fermentation and malting) to improve the nutritional value of cereal grains". Univen grant number, Cost centre E601. Consortium comprises of University of Pretoria & University of Venda, Wageningen University, Finland, Kenya, and Uganda.
