**5. Cereal grains products and by-products**

Cereal grains products are a staple in the diets of many cultures around the world forming the basic and essential supply of nutrients to humans as well as animals. Nutrients provided by cereal grain products include carbohydrate (as an energy source), minerals such as magnesium, phosphorus and zinc, proteins, vitamins, especially the B Vitamins (niacin, riboflavin, and thiamine) and fiber. Cereal grain products are extensive and are derived using indigenous as well as technologically enhanced procedures [20]. Cereal grains products include a wide range of products which are made out of grains such as quinoa, maize, rice, sorghum, rye, barley, millet and oats.

## **5.1 Products and by-products from Rice**

Majorly, rice is consumed in cooked form. In addition to rice being eaten in the cooked form, lots of products and by-products are available as a consequence of its prevalent functional properties and less sensitivity to allergens. A major product from rice is rice flour, which is gluten-free and is used to make rice noodles, rice crackers, dumplings, bread, rice paper, breakfast cereals, pancakes, baby foods, cakes, waffles and wrappers for egg rolls. Other products include rice milk, puffed rice, rice starch, bran oil, vinegar and alcoholic beverages comprising rice beer and wine [20]. By-products from rice include rice bran, rice husk as well as rice straw which serves as feed for animals [21].

### *5.1.1 Rice noodles*

Extruded and flat rice are noodles made out of rice flour that has been wet milled. They are consumed alongside soups and dishes. In Thailand, Japan and Chinese, it is called" senmee", "harusame" and "mi fen" respectively.
