**6. Conclusions and future prospects**

Seed development is a multi-step process that includes the production of an embryo and endosperm. The synthesis and accumulation of storage product in the seed is controlled by genetics, molecular and transcriptional regulation, which is critical for maximum yield. For instance, seed yield improvement can be achieved directly under genetic control by selecting and applying markers, QTL linked to agronomic and physiological traits, and improved grain yield potential. Intensive use of molecular tools such as Genetic engineering, Gene silencing and Genome editing together with increase access of system biology tools would provide researchers to gain a better understanding of the pathways and genes that control seed size and number, resulting greater yield as shown in **Figure 1**. It is envisaged that a more detailed investigation is urgently required for understanding of metabolic control of seed development, storage, product partitioning, epigenetic controls, phytohormone regulation and their interplay would appear to be sufficient to solve global food security challenges faced by the world in future.

#### **Figure 1.**

*Summary of Molecular Approaches for Regulation of Seed Development through Plant Breeding & Genetics, Genetic Engineering & Genome Editing and at Transcriptional Levels.*

*Cereal Grains - Volume 1*
