**Chapter 5**

*Glaciers and the Polar Environment*

[52] Lewis-Smith RI, Convey P. Enhanced sexual reproduction in bryophytes at high latitudes in the maritime Antarctic. Journal of Bryology.

[53] Albuquerque MP, Victoria FC, Schünemann AL, Putzke J, Gunski RJ, Seibert S, Petry MV, Pereira AB. Plant Composition of Skuas Nests at

Hennequin Point, King George Island, Antarctica. American Journal of Plant

[54] Nash TH. Lichen biology. 2nd ed. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University

[55] Øvstedal DO, Lewis-Smith RI. Lichens of Antarctica and South

Georgia – A guide to their identification and ecology. Studies in Polar Research. Cambridge University Press. 2001. 411p.

[56] Engelen A, Convey P, Ott S. Life history strategy of Lepraria borealis at an Antarctic inland site, Coal Nunatak. Lichenologist. 2010;42(3):339-346.

[57] Moniz MBJ. et al. Molecular Phylogeny of Antarctic Prasiola

[58] Jacob A. Physiologie und Ultrastruktur der antarktischen GrOnalge Prasiola crispa Ss*p. antarctica* unter osmotischem StreD und Austrocknung. Berichte zur Polarforschung. 1992;102:1-143.

[59] Jacob A, Kirst GO, Wiencke C, Lehmann H. Physiological responses of the Antarctic green alga Prasiola crispa

(Prasiolales, Trebouxiophyceae) Reveals Extensive Cryptic Diversity. Journal of Phycology. 2012;48(4):940-955.

Sciences, 2012;3:688-692.

(D12):13999-14007.

2013;24:107-117.

Press. 2008.

[51] Turner J, Colwell SR, Harangozo S. Variability of precipitation over the coastal western Antarctic Peninsula from synoptic observations. Journal of Geophysical Research. 1997;102

Ss*p. antarctica* to salinity stress. Journal of Plant Physiology. 1991;139:57-62.

[60] Jacob A, Lehmann H, Kirst GO, Wiencke C. Changes the ultrastructure of Prasiola crispa under salinity stress.

[61] Jacob A, Wiencke C, Lehmann H, Kirst GO. Physiology and ultrastructure of desiccation in the green alga Prasiola crispa from Antarctica. Botanica Marina. 1992b;35:297-303.

Ade L, Crespo A, Sancho LG. Symbiotic lifestyle and phylogenetic relationships of the bionts of Mastodia tessellata (Ascomycota, incertae sedis). American Journal of Botany. 2010;97(5):738-752.

[63] Dos Santos SM, Ramos CJB, Leite JPG, Teixeira VL, De Palmer Paixão ICN, Belo CA, Pereira AB, Pinto AMV. Antiviral activity of 7-ketostigmasterol obtained from green Antarctic algae Prasiola crispa against equine herpesvirus 1. Journal of Applied

Phycology. 2016;28:1-8.

[64] Zemolin APP, Cruz LC,

crispa to Fruit Fly *Drosophila* 

2014;2: e424 pp. 1-13.

Ambiente. 2009. 69 p.

Paula MT, Pereira BK, Albuquerque MP, Victoria FC, Pereira AB, Posser T, Franco J. Toxicity Induced by Prasiola

*melanogaster* and Cockroach *Nauphoeta cinerea*: Evidence for Bioinsecticide Action. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. 2014;77:115-124.

[65] Lewis-Smith RI. et al. First evidence of bryophyte diaspores in the plumage of transequatorial migrant birds. PeerJ.

[66] Brito TAS. Antártica bem comum da humanidade. Ministério do Meio

Botanica Ada. 1992a;105:41-46.

[62] Pérez-Ortega S, Ríos

**84**
