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[Accessed: 2020-02-15]

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**93**

**Chapter 7**

**Abstract**

the main target.

**1. Introduction**

runoff, hydrology, research-tool

Research

A Revisit of Rainfall Simulator as

a Potential Tool for Hydrological

*Felix Gemlack Ngasoh, Constantine Crown Mbajiorgu,* 

*Matthew Boniface Kamai and Gideon Onyekachi Okoro*

Different means of hydrological data collection have developed and used. However, they are constraint in one way or other. This paper therefore revisited the rainfall simulator as potential tool for hydrological research. The research disclosed that there are three different types of rainfall simulators; drop former simulator, pressure nozzle simulator and hybrid simulator. It can further be classified as indoor model and outdoor. The research also showed that precipitation is the driving force in hydrological studies. Consequently, in the design of rainfall simulator, the following should be taken into consideration: nozzle spacing, pump size, nozzle size, nozzle type, nozzle spacing, plot size and pressure. Meanwhile, intensity, distribution uniformity, kinetic energy, rainfall drop size and rainfall terminal velocity should be noted in its evaluation. Factoring-in the aforementioned design considerations, data collection is made easy without necessarily waiting for the natural rainfall. Since the rainfall can be controlled, the erratic and unpredictable changeability of natural rainfall is eliminated. Emanating from the findings, pressurized rainfall simulator produces rainfall characteristics similar to natural rainfall, which is therefore recommended for laboratory use if natural rainfall-like characteristics is

**Keywords:** rainfall-simulator, intensity, uniformity, kinetic-energy, drop-size,

Disintegration of the soil are impelled by the effect of rain drops on plain or almost plain soils, which detaches and splash soil particles and transports them downslope as a feature of surface flow. The net disintegration rate (sediments mass/unit zone) is an element of both rain sprinkle and surface flow. Runoff from earth surface conveys with it the most erodible sediment and fine sand particles from the dirt surface as the water streams downhill. At that point, rills are shaped; they start little channels, inevitably framing gaps, which can bring about enormous soil losses [1]. These processes are regularly studied in the field with normal precipitation which may be moderated by uncontrolled factors such as irregularity of the precipitation events. This paper therefore reviewed rainfall simulator as a potential tool for hydrological research.
