**Abbreviations**


**95**

**Author details**

Harumi Jyonouchi1,2\* and Lee Geng1

New Brunswick, NJ, United States

provided the original work is properly cited.

1 Department of Pediatrics, Saint Peter's University Hospital (SPUH),

\*Address all correspondence to: hjyonouchi@saintpetersuh.com

2 Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States

© 2021 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

*Associations between Monocyte Cytokine Profiles and Co-Morbid Conditions in Autism…*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95548*

SD standard deviation

TLR toll-like receptor sTNFR soluble TNF receptor TGF transforming growth factor TNF tumor necrosis factor

SAD specific antibody deficiency

SPUH Saint Peter's University Hospital

*Associations between Monocyte Cytokine Profiles and Co-Morbid Conditions in Autism… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95548*


*Autism Spectrum Disorder - Profile, Heterogeneity, Neurobiology and Intervention*

specific treatment measures targeted to each co-morbid condition.

subjects with specific co-morbid medical conditions.

**5. Conclusion**

**Acknowledgements**

**Conflict of interest**

**Abbreviations**

critically reviewing this manuscript.

AA African American

AR allergic rhinitis

FA food allergy

IL interleukin LPS ipopolysaccharide

GI gastrointestinal

PST prick skin testing

The authors have nothing to disclose.

ABC aberrant behavior checklist AC allergic conjunctivitis

ASD autism spectrum disorder CCL2 C-C chemokine ligand 2

CNS central nervous system

IBD inflammatory bowel disease IIM innate immune memory

MIA maternal immune activation NFA non-IgE mediated FA

PBMo peripheral blood monocytes

ADHD attention deficiency hyperactivity disorder ADI-R autism diagnostic interview-revisited ADOS autism diagnostic observation scale

CSHQ children's sleep habits questionnaires

CVID common variable immunodeficiency

FPIES food induced enterocolitis syndrome

PANS pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome

Our study may be limited by the relatively small sample side of ASD subjects who had specific co-morbid conditions. Findings in this study need to be validated by a study using a larger numbers of study subjects, in association with responses to

Our study revealed that associations between monocyte cytokine parameters and specific co-morbid medical conditions exist in the ASD subjects studied, independent of other clinical variables. This indicates that there is a possibility that monocyte cytokine profiles may be used for assessing treatment options in ASD

This study is supported partly in grants from the Jonty Foundation, St. Paul, MN and the Brain Foundation, Pleasanton, CA. We are thankful for Dr. L Huguenin for

**94**
