Preface

Electroencephalography (EEG) was discovered in 1875 when Richard Caton of England recorded electrical impulses from the brains of rabbits, dogs, and monkeys. He reported that EEG fluctuated steadily and that these fluctuations changed with light stimulation and exercise, as well as with sleep and death. Later, in 1924, Hans Berger of Germany recorded the potential fluctuations of the human brain, and in 1929, the first paper on human EEG, "Über das Elektrenkephalogramm des Menschen," was published.

Current non-invasive brain function testing methods can be broadly divided into two categories: electrophysiological testing methods and brain function imaging methods based on hemodynamic principles. The former includes EEG, magnetoencephalography (MEG), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and the latter includes functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Today, these methods are used in human neuroscience research and clinical practice, and EEG is one of the oldest non-invasive methods for testing brain function.

EEG is used in a wide range of fields, from basic research on the human brain to clinical diagnosis of epilepsy and psychiatric disorders. Recently, EEG has also been used as a tool for rehabilitation evaluation and treatment, and research and development of brain–machine interface have been actively conducted. This book presents basic research and clinical applications related to the aforementioned topics and is organized into the following eight chapters written by experts from around the world.

Chapter 1 "EEG-Emulated Control Circuits for Brain-Machine Interface"


I would like to express my great appreciation to the authors of this book and all those involved in its editing.

**Hideki Nakano, Ph.D.**

Associate Professor, Neurorehabilitation Laboratory, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto, Japan Section 1
