**2.1** *Candida albicans*

A dimorphic fungus that can grow as yeast or filamentous cells and considered one of the limited species of the *Candida* genus that cause humans candidiasis [19]. 50–90% of all cases of humans' candidiasis are result from *C. albicans* [20]. Systemic fungal infections (fungemia) caused by *C. albicans* appeared as significant foundations of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients (e.g., AIDS, cancer chemotherapy and, bone marrow transplantation). Today, hospitalacquired candidiasis became a source of major health anxieties.

*Candida albicans* is a common human flora that noticed in the gastrointestinal tract of 40% of healthy adults [21]. It is commonly a commensal creature, nonetheless, it can turn out to be pathogenic in immunocompetent individuals under various conditions. Candidiasis also can happen due to excessive growth of the fungus, which recurrently detected in immunocompromised cases including HIV-infected patients. It usually befalls the mucous membranes of the mouth or vagina in addition to a number of other parts of the body [22].
