• **Phagocytosis**

In phagocytosis, fungi can be eliminated in monocytes and their derivatives in the phagolysosome. This is an acidified compartment that contains enzymes such as Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (generates reactive oxygen species), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (produce Nitrogen IV Oxide and reactive nitrogen species) that can sequester nutrients and in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli [18]. This fungal killing may be sufficient to halt the progression of infection, but it can also provide fungal antigens that can be used to initiate the adaptive immune response to ensure sterilizing immunity. Fungal uptake is not always beneficial to the host, however, as some fungi have adapted to the harsh environment in the phagolysosome or can subvert monocytes to enable fungal persistence and proliferation [17].
