**Conflict of interest**

Dr Firstenberg serves as a heart valve repair and replacement educational consultant for Medtronic plc. Dr Hanna reports no conflicts of interest or relevant disclosures in the context of the material presented in this chapter.

**11**

**Author details**

Memphis, TN, US

Michael S. Firstenberg1

Aurora, Aurora, CO, US

\* and Jennifer Hanna<sup>2</sup>

\*Address all correspondence to: msfirst@gmail.com;

michael.firstenberg@cardiac-alliance.org

provided the original work is properly cited.

1 Research and Special Projects: William Novick Global Cardiac Alliance,

2 Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, The Medical Center of

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

*Introductory Chapter: The Evolution of Complex Valve Pathology - The Surgeon's Perspective*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95049*

*Introductory Chapter: The Evolution of Complex Valve Pathology - The Surgeon's Perspective DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95049*
