[25] Gomes B, Geis NA,

Chorianopoulos E, et al. Improvements of procedural results with a newgeneration self-expanding transfemoral aortic valve prosthesis in comparison to the old generation device. Journal of Interventional Cardiology. 2017;**30**(1):72-78

[26] Asch FM, Vannan MA, Singh S, et al. Hemodynamic and echocardiographic comparison of the Lotus and CoreValve transcatheter aortic valves in patients with high and extreme surgical risk: An analysis from the REPRISE III randomized controlled trial. Circulation. 2018;**137**(24):2557-2567

[27] Lanz J, Kim WK, Walther T, et al. Safety and efficacy of a self-expanding versus a balloon-expandable bioprosthesis for transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis: A randomised non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2019;**394**(10209):1619-1628

[28] Seiffert M, Bader R, Kappert U, et al. Initial German experience with transapical implantation of a secondgeneration transcatheter heart valve for

**99**

*Transcatheter Treatment of Aortic Stenosis and Regurgitation*

[36] Junbo GE, Daxin Z, Pan W, et al. A case of percutaneous aortic valve implantation and the main points of operation. Chinese Journal of Interventional Cardiology.

2010;**18**(5):243-246

2015;**23**(12):661-667

2017;**69**(10):1313-1346

2018;**26**(1):2-6

2018;**27**(2):93-107

[38] Otto CM, Kumbhani DJ,

Alexander KP, et al. 2017 ACC expert consensus decision pathway for transcatheter aortic valve replacement in the management of adults with aortic stenosis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[39] Structural Cardiology Committee of Chinese College of Cardiovascular Physicians, Chinese Society of Cardiology. Chinese experts

consensus of team construction and operation standard on transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Chinese Journal of Interventional Cardiology.

[40] Wu Y et al. Experts consensus on clinical pathway of transcatheter aortic valve replacement in China. Chinese Circulation Journal. 2018;**33**(12):22-29

[41] Group of Echocardiography, Chinese Medical Association. Expert consensus on perioperative echocardiographic examination of transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Chinese Journal of Ultrasonography.

[42] Cardiovascular Anesthesia Branch of Chinese Society of Cardiothoracic

and Vascular Anesthesiology. Anesthesia experts consensus on

[37] Structural Cardiology Committee of Chinese College of Cardiovascular Physicians. Chinese experts consensus on transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Chinese Journal of Interventional Cardiology.

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92997*

the treatment of aortic regurgitation. JACC. Cardiovascular Interventions.

Frerker C, et al. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation of a secondgeneration valve for pure aortic regurgitation: Procedural outcome, haemodynamic data and follow-up. Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic

[30] Zhu D, Chen W, Peng L, et al. Valve sizing for pure aortic regurgitation during transcatheter aortic valve replacement: Deformation dynamic of the aortic annulus in different valve pathology may be different. JACC. Cardiovascular Interventions.

[31] Holzhey D, Linke A, Treede H, et al. Intermediate follow-up results from the multicenter engager European pivotal trial. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery.

[32] Gao R. Current situation of heart valvular disease in China. Huaxi Medicine. 2018;**33**(2):127-131

[33] Liu FZ, Xue YM, Liao HT, et al. Five-year epidemiological survey of valvular heart disease: Changes in morbidity, etiological spectrum and management in a cardiovascular center of Southern China. Journal of Thoracic

Disease. 2014;**6**(12):1724-1730

[34] Yifan B. 20 years changes of surgical treatment risk factors for adult heart valvular disease [thesis]. Shanghai: Doctoral Dissertation of Second Military Medical University; 2012

[35] Xiang C. Analysis of risk factors of death in hospital after adult aortic valve replacement [thesis]. Shanghai: Doctoral Dissertation of Second Military Medical University; 2012

2014;**7**(10):1168-1174

[29] Schlingloff F, Schafer U,

Surgery. 2014;**19**(3):388-393

2015;**8**(2):372-373

2013;**96**(6):2095-2100

*Transcatheter Treatment of Aortic Stenosis and Regurgitation DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92997*

the treatment of aortic regurgitation. JACC. Cardiovascular Interventions. 2014;**7**(10):1168-1174

*Advances in Complex Valvular Disease*

for aortic stenosis in patients who cannot undergo surgery. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2010;**363**(17):1597-1607

centera-eu trial assessing a novel selfexpanding transcatheter heart valve. JACC. Cardiovascular Interventions.

[23] Schulz E, Jabs A, Gori T, et al. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation with the new-generation Evolut R: Comparison with CoreValve(R) in a single center cohort. IJC Heart &

Vasculature. 2016;**12**:52-56

2017;**12**(18):e2170-e2176

[25] Gomes B, Geis NA,

2017;**30**(1):72-78

[26] Asch FM, Vannan MA, Singh S, et al. Hemodynamic and echocardiographic comparison of the Lotus and CoreValve transcatheter aortic valves in patients with high and extreme surgical risk: An analysis from the REPRISE III randomized controlled trial. Circulation. 2018;**137**(24):2557-2567

[27] Lanz J, Kim WK, Walther T, et al. Safety and efficacy of a self-expanding

bioprosthesis for transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis: A randomised non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2019;**394**(10209):1619-1628

[28] Seiffert M, Bader R, Kappert U, et al. Initial German experience with transapical implantation of a secondgeneration transcatheter heart valve for

versus a balloon-expandable

[24] Noble S, Stortecky S, Heg D, et al. Comparison of procedural and clinical outcomes with Evolut R versus Medtronic CoreValve: A Swiss TAVI registry analysis. EuroIntervention.

Chorianopoulos E, et al. Improvements of procedural results with a newgeneration self-expanding transfemoral aortic valve prosthesis in comparison to the old generation device. Journal of Interventional Cardiology.

2019;**12**(7):673-680

Mack MJ, et al. Transcatheter or surgical aortic-valve replacement in intermediate-risk patients. The New England Journal of Medicine.

[16] Leon MB, Smith CR,

2016;**374**(17):1609-1620

[17] Popma JJ, Deeb GM, Yakubov SJ, et al. Transcatheter aortic-valve replacement with a selfexpanding valve in low-risk patients. The New England Journal of Medicine.

2019;**380**(18):1706-1715

[18] Mack MJ, Leon MB,

2019;**380**(18):1695-1705

2018;**39**(28):2635-2642

2019;**140**:1156-1169

2016;**8**(12):735-745

Thourani VH, et al. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement with a balloonexpandable valve in low-risk patients. The New England Journal of Medicine.

[19] Durko AP, Osnabrugge RL, Van Mieghem NM, et al. Annual number of candidates for transcatheter aortic valve implantation per country: Current estimates and future

projections. European Heart Journal.

[20] Iung B, Delgado V, Rosenhek R, et al. Contemporary presentation and management of valvular heart disease in Europe: The EURObservational Research Programme Valvular Heart Disease II Registry. Circulation.

[21] Sawaya FJ, Spaziano M, Lefevre T, et al. Comparison between the SAPIEN S3 and the SAPIEN XT transcatheter heart valves: A single-center experience.

Kasel AM, et al. 1-year outcomes of the

World Journal of Cardiology.

[22] Tchétché D, Windecker S,

**98**

[29] Schlingloff F, Schafer U, Frerker C, et al. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation of a secondgeneration valve for pure aortic regurgitation: Procedural outcome, haemodynamic data and follow-up. Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery. 2014;**19**(3):388-393

[30] Zhu D, Chen W, Peng L, et al. Valve sizing for pure aortic regurgitation during transcatheter aortic valve replacement: Deformation dynamic of the aortic annulus in different valve pathology may be different. JACC. Cardiovascular Interventions. 2015;**8**(2):372-373

[31] Holzhey D, Linke A, Treede H, et al. Intermediate follow-up results from the multicenter engager European pivotal trial. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 2013;**96**(6):2095-2100

[32] Gao R. Current situation of heart valvular disease in China. Huaxi Medicine. 2018;**33**(2):127-131

[33] Liu FZ, Xue YM, Liao HT, et al. Five-year epidemiological survey of valvular heart disease: Changes in morbidity, etiological spectrum and management in a cardiovascular center of Southern China. Journal of Thoracic Disease. 2014;**6**(12):1724-1730

[34] Yifan B. 20 years changes of surgical treatment risk factors for adult heart valvular disease [thesis]. Shanghai: Doctoral Dissertation of Second Military Medical University; 2012

[35] Xiang C. Analysis of risk factors of death in hospital after adult aortic valve replacement [thesis]. Shanghai: Doctoral Dissertation of Second Military Medical University; 2012

[36] Junbo GE, Daxin Z, Pan W, et al. A case of percutaneous aortic valve implantation and the main points of operation. Chinese Journal of Interventional Cardiology. 2010;**18**(5):243-246

[37] Structural Cardiology Committee of Chinese College of Cardiovascular Physicians. Chinese experts consensus on transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Chinese Journal of Interventional Cardiology. 2015;**23**(12):661-667

[38] Otto CM, Kumbhani DJ, Alexander KP, et al. 2017 ACC expert consensus decision pathway for transcatheter aortic valve replacement in the management of adults with aortic stenosis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2017;**69**(10):1313-1346

[39] Structural Cardiology Committee of Chinese College of Cardiovascular Physicians, Chinese Society of Cardiology. Chinese experts consensus of team construction and operation standard on transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Chinese Journal of Interventional Cardiology. 2018;**26**(1):2-6

[40] Wu Y et al. Experts consensus on clinical pathway of transcatheter aortic valve replacement in China. Chinese Circulation Journal. 2018;**33**(12):22-29

[41] Group of Echocardiography, Chinese Medical Association. Expert consensus on perioperative echocardiographic examination of transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Chinese Journal of Ultrasonography. 2018;**27**(2):93-107

[42] Cardiovascular Anesthesia Branch of Chinese Society of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesiology. Anesthesia experts consensus on

clinical pathway management in TAVR surgery. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia. 2018;**34**(11):1118-1124

[43] Chunsheng W, Lai W, Xu M, et al. Committee of Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Surgery, National Experts Committee on Cardiovascular Diseases. China multidisciplinary expert consensus on transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Chinese Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2018;**34**(12):705-712

[44] Xu M, Xu Z, Haibo Z, et al. Chinese expert consensus on transcatheter aortic valve implantation heart team construction and cardiac surgeon responsibility. Chinese Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2019;**35**(12):717-720

[45] Haibo Z, Xu M, Wang S, et al. Transcatheter mitral valve in valve technique treatment with domestic J valve system. Chinese Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2019;**35**(6):331-333

[46] Feng Y, Zhao ZG, Baccaro J, et al. First-in-man implantation of a prepackaged self-expandable dry-tissue transcatheter aortic valve. European Heart Journal. 2018;**39**(8):713

[47] Zhu D, Wei L, Cheung A, et al. Treatment of pure aortic regurgitation using a second-generation transcatheter aortic valve implantation system. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2016;**67**(23):2803-2805

[48] Hensey M, Murdoch DJ, Sathananthan J, et al. First-in-human experience of a new-generation transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve for the treatment of severe aortic regurgitation: The J-valve transfemoral system. EuroIntervention. 2019;**14**(15):e1553-e1555

[49] Bevan GH, Zidar DA, Josephson RA, et al. Mortality due to aortic stenosis in the United States, 2008-2017. JAMA. 2019;**321**(22):2236-2238

[50] Eggebrecht H, Vaquerizo B, Moris C, et al. Incidence and outcomes of emergent cardiac surgery during transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI): insights from the European Registry on Emergent Cardiac Surgery during TAVI (EuRECS-TAVI). European Heart Journal. 2017;**39**(8):676-684

[51] Joint Task Force on the Management of Valvular Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS), Vahanian A, et al. Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease (version 2012). European Heart Journal. 2012;**33**(19):2451-2496

[52] Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, et al. AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: A report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2014;**63**(22):e57-e185

[53] Bavaria JE, Tommaso CL, Brindis RG, et al. 2018 AATS/ACC/ SCAI/STS expert consensus Systems of Care Document: Operator and institutional recommendations and requirements for Transcatheter aortic valve replacement. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2018;**73**(3):340-374

[54] Mao J, Rita FR, John DC, et al. Association between hospital surgical aortic valve replacement volume and transcatheter aortic valve replacement outcomes. JAMA Cardiology. 2018;**3**(11):1070-1078

**101**

*Transcatheter Treatment of Aortic Stenosis and Regurgitation*

[63] Wei L, Liu H, Zhu L, et al. A new transcatheter aortic valve replacement system for predominant aortic regurgitation implantation of the J-valve and early outcome. JACC. Cardiovascular Interventions.

[64] Roy DA, Schaefer U, Guetta V, et al. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation for pure severe native aortic valve regurgitation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[65] Seiffert M, Diemert P, Koschyk D, et al. Transapical implantation of a second-generation transcatheter heart valve in patients with noncalcified aortic regurgitation. JACC. Cardiovascular Interventions.

2015;**8**(14):1831-1841

2013;**61**(15):1577-1584

2013;**6**(6):590-597

[66] Zhu D, Hu J, Meng W, et al. Successful transcatheter aortic valve implantation for pure aortic regurgitation using a new second generation self-expanding J-ValveTM system—The first in-man implantation.

Heart, Lung & Circulation.

[67] Franzone A, Piccolo R, Siontis GCM, et al. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement for the treatment of pure native aortic valve regurgitation a systematic review. JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions.

2015;**24**(4):411-414

2016;**9**(22):2308-2317

2017;**70**(22):2752-2763

[69] De Backer O, Pilgrim T, Simonato M, et al. Usefulness of transcatheter aortic valve implantation for treatment of pure native aortic valve regurgitation.

[68] Yoon S-H, Schmidt T,

Bleiziffer S, et al. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement in pure native aortic valve regurgitation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92997*

[55] Pan W, Zhou D, Cheng L, et al. Candidates for transcatheter aortic valve implantation may be fewer in China. International Journal of Cardiology.

[56] Pan W, Zhou D, Cheng L, et al. Aortic regurgitation is more prevalent

than aortic stenosis in Chinese elderly population: Implications for transcatheter aortic valve replacement. International Journal of Cardiology.

[57] Yifan B. 20 years risk factors changes of adult heart valvular disease surgical treatment [Doctoral dissertation]. Shanghai, China: Shanghai Second Military Medical

[58] Xiang C. Risk factors analysis of death in hospital after adult aortic valve replacement [Doctoral dissertation]. Shanghai, China: Shanghai Second Military Medical University; 2012. p. 5

[59] Xiling Q, Xu H, Qingrong L, et al. Analysis of diagnosis and treatment of senile degenerative heart valvular disease in China. Chinese Circulation

Journal. 2019;**34**(8):771-776

2003;**24**(13):1231-1243

[62] Ducrocq G, Himbert D,

2010;**140**(4):930-932

Hvass U, et al. Compassionate aortic valve implantation for severe aortic regurgitation. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery.

[60] Iung B, Baron G, Butchart EG, et al. A prospective survey of patients with valvular heart disease in Europe: The euro heart survey on valvular heart disease. European Heart Journal.

[61] Dujardin KS, Enriquez-Sarano M, Schaff HV, et al. Mortality and morbidity of aortic regurgitation in clinical practice. A long-term follow-up study. Circulation. 1999;**99**(14):1851-1857

2013;**168**:e133-e134

2015;**201**:547-548

University; 2012. p. 4

*Transcatheter Treatment of Aortic Stenosis and Regurgitation DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92997*

[55] Pan W, Zhou D, Cheng L, et al. Candidates for transcatheter aortic valve implantation may be fewer in China. International Journal of Cardiology. 2013;**168**:e133-e134

*Advances in Complex Valvular Disease*

2018;**34**(11):1118-1124

aortic valve implantation. Chinese Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery.

2018;**34**(12):705-712

2019;**35**(12):717-720

2019;**35**(6):331-333

clinical pathway management in TAVR surgery. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia. [49] Bevan GH, Zidar DA, Josephson RA, et al. Mortality due to aortic stenosis in the United States, 2008-2017. JAMA.

2019;**321**(22):2236-2238

[50] Eggebrecht H, Vaquerizo B, Moris C, et al. Incidence and outcomes of emergent cardiac surgery during transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI): insights from the European Registry on Emergent Cardiac Surgery during TAVI (EuRECS-

TAVI). European Heart Journal.

[51] Joint Task Force on the Management of Valvular Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS), Vahanian A, et al. Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease (version 2012). European Heart Journal.

2012;**33**(19):2451-2496

2014;**63**(22):e57-e185

2018;**73**(3):340-374

[53] Bavaria JE, Tommaso CL, Brindis RG, et al. 2018 AATS/ACC/ SCAI/STS expert consensus Systems of Care Document: Operator and institutional recommendations and requirements for Transcatheter aortic valve replacement. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery.

[54] Mao J, Rita FR, John DC, et al. Association between hospital surgical aortic valve replacement volume and transcatheter aortic valve replacement

outcomes. JAMA Cardiology.

2018;**3**(11):1070-1078

[52] Nishimura RA, Otto CM,

Bonow RO, et al. AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: A report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

2017;**39**(8):676-684

[43] Chunsheng W, Lai W, Xu M, et al. Committee of Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Surgery, National Experts Committee on Cardiovascular Diseases. China multidisciplinary expert consensus on transcatheter

[44] Xu M, Xu Z, Haibo Z, et al. Chinese expert consensus on transcatheter aortic valve implantation heart team construction and cardiac surgeon responsibility. Chinese Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery.

[45] Haibo Z, Xu M, Wang S, et al. Transcatheter mitral valve in valve technique treatment with domestic J valve system. Chinese Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery.

[46] Feng Y, Zhao ZG, Baccaro J, et al. First-in-man implantation of a prepackaged self-expandable dry-tissue transcatheter aortic valve. European Heart Journal. 2018;**39**(8):713

[47] Zhu D, Wei L, Cheung A, et al. Treatment of pure aortic regurgitation

implantation system. Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

Sathananthan J, et al. First-in-human experience of a new-generation transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve for the treatment of severe aortic regurgitation: The J-valve

transfemoral system. EuroIntervention.

using a second-generation transcatheter aortic valve

2016;**67**(23):2803-2805

2019;**14**(15):e1553-e1555

[48] Hensey M, Murdoch DJ,

**100**

[56] Pan W, Zhou D, Cheng L, et al. Aortic regurgitation is more prevalent than aortic stenosis in Chinese elderly population: Implications for transcatheter aortic valve replacement. International Journal of Cardiology. 2015;**201**:547-548

[57] Yifan B. 20 years risk factors changes of adult heart valvular disease surgical treatment [Doctoral dissertation]. Shanghai, China: Shanghai Second Military Medical University; 2012. p. 4

[58] Xiang C. Risk factors analysis of death in hospital after adult aortic valve replacement [Doctoral dissertation]. Shanghai, China: Shanghai Second Military Medical University; 2012. p. 5

[59] Xiling Q, Xu H, Qingrong L, et al. Analysis of diagnosis and treatment of senile degenerative heart valvular disease in China. Chinese Circulation Journal. 2019;**34**(8):771-776

[60] Iung B, Baron G, Butchart EG, et al. A prospective survey of patients with valvular heart disease in Europe: The euro heart survey on valvular heart disease. European Heart Journal. 2003;**24**(13):1231-1243

[61] Dujardin KS, Enriquez-Sarano M, Schaff HV, et al. Mortality and morbidity of aortic regurgitation in clinical practice. A long-term follow-up study. Circulation. 1999;**99**(14):1851-1857

[62] Ducrocq G, Himbert D, Hvass U, et al. Compassionate aortic valve implantation for severe aortic regurgitation. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2010;**140**(4):930-932

[63] Wei L, Liu H, Zhu L, et al. A new transcatheter aortic valve replacement system for predominant aortic regurgitation implantation of the J-valve and early outcome. JACC. Cardiovascular Interventions. 2015;**8**(14):1831-1841

[64] Roy DA, Schaefer U, Guetta V, et al. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation for pure severe native aortic valve regurgitation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2013;**61**(15):1577-1584

[65] Seiffert M, Diemert P, Koschyk D, et al. Transapical implantation of a second-generation transcatheter heart valve in patients with noncalcified aortic regurgitation. JACC. Cardiovascular Interventions. 2013;**6**(6):590-597

[66] Zhu D, Hu J, Meng W, et al. Successful transcatheter aortic valve implantation for pure aortic regurgitation using a new second generation self-expanding J-ValveTM system—The first in-man implantation. Heart, Lung & Circulation. 2015;**24**(4):411-414

[67] Franzone A, Piccolo R, Siontis GCM, et al. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement for the treatment of pure native aortic valve regurgitation a systematic review. JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions. 2016;**9**(22):2308-2317

[68] Yoon S-H, Schmidt T, Bleiziffer S, et al. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement in pure native aortic valve regurgitation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2017;**70**(22):2752-2763

[69] De Backer O, Pilgrim T, Simonato M, et al. Usefulness of transcatheter aortic valve implantation for treatment of pure native aortic valve regurgitation.

The American Journal of Cardiology. 2018;**122**(6):1028-1035

[70] Takagi H, Hari Y, Kawai N, et al. Meta-analysis and meta-regression of transcatheter aortic valve implantation for pure native aortic regurgitation. Heart, Lung & Circulation. 2019;**29**(5):729-741

[71] Luo Y, Lulu L, Jun S, et al. Early clinical results of transcatheter aortic valve replacement with J-valve for high risk pure aortic regurgitation. Chinese Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2019;**26**(8):737743

**103**

Section 2

Fontan Therapies
