**Chapter 18 319**

Internal Flow Choking in Cardiovascular System: A Radical Theory in the Risk Assessment of Asymptomatic Cardiovascular Diseases *by Valsalayam Raghavapanicker Sanal Kumar, Shiv Kumar Choudhary, Pradeep Kumar Radhakrishnan, Rajaghatta Sundararam Bharath, Nichith Chandrasekaran, Vigneshwaran Sankar, Ajith Sukumaran and Charlie Oommen*

**II**

Implantation

**Chapter 8 125**

**Chapter 9 149**

Cardiorenal Pathology **167**

**Chapter 10 169**

**Chapter 11 183**

Cardiovascular Interventions **203**

**Chapter 12 205**

**Chapter 13 243**

**Chapter 14 257**

**Chapter 15 277**

**Chapter 16 299**

**Chapter 17 309**

Management of Ascending Aorta Calcification in Coronary Artery Bypass

Nonresectional-Graded Neo Chordal Dynamic Repair of Mitral Valve:

Complications of Minimally Invasive Left Ventricular Assistance Device

*by Pradeep Kumar Radhakrishnan, Gayathri Ananyajyothi Ambat,* 

Early Detection and Endovascular Intervention to Correct Dialysis Vascular

The Function of Seven Transmembrane Receptors in the Cardiovascular

*by Valentina Kubale, Ewelina Prozorowska, Kristýna Glocová, Lucy Slater* 

Coronavirus Disease: Epidemiology, Aetiology, Pathophysiology

System and Their Role in the Development of Cardiomyopathy

Hemodialysis Vascular Access with Central Venous Disease

Primary Angioplasty: From the Artery to the Myocardium *by Miguel Angel Farah, Franco Farah and Miguel Alejandro Farah*

*by Chuan Wang, Yang Yu, Chengxiong Gu and Jingxing Li*

Methods of Reconstruction for Distal Aortic Dissection

Stress Analysis Induced Surgical Innovation

*by Mleyhi Sobhi, Miri Rim and Denguir Raouf*

*Nihas Nazer and Nazer Yoosuf Abdul*

and Involvement of the Cardiovascular System

*by David C. Gaze*

**Section 2**

**Section 3**

Grafting

*by Mark Alekseevich Soborov*

*by Imran Khalil*

*and Catrin Sian Rutland*

*by Hemant J. Mehta*

Access Malfunction

*by Pedro Ponce and Ana Mateus*

Coronary Artery Intervention Techniques

Preface

This is the latest book in a series of cardiovascular-related texts from IntechOpen Publishing. The present volume considers general aspects of cardiac disease and is

This section is comprised of chapters discussing the developmental risk of cardiac disease. Chapter 1 discusses the role of inflammation in the development of cardiovascular pathology, in particular the role of inflammation in the formation of thrombosis and the contribution to risk of myocardial infarction. Chapter 2 stays with myocardial infarction, offering perspectives on the pathophysiology of myocardial injury with insight into cardioprotective mechanisms. Chapter 3 examines the fascinating area of circadian rhythm disruption via an epigenetic approach to the development of cardiovascular disease. Chapter 4 specifically focuses on the global prevalence and diagnostic criteria in Takotsubo syndrome, indicating that universal acceptance of definition and diagnostic criteria is required. Chapter 5 examines the disproportionate differences in prognosis of patients according to gender following percutaneous coronary intervention with primary and secondary prevention recommendations. Chapter 6 investigates body image and obesity acceptance in relation to clinical cardiac risk factors. Study in this area suggests that the efficacy of classical risk reduction regimens (such as weight management, exercise, hypertensive and hyperglycaemic control, etc.) can be improved by the maintenance of a self-perception of 'normal' weight in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Chapter 7 specialises in discussing the genetic determinants of familial dilated cardiomyopathy with a focus on genotype-targeted therapeutic strategies. Chapter 8 discusses the impact of coronavirus disease and the implication of the cardiovascular system in severe cases. The final chapter in section 1, chapter 9, the authors consider the role of the G-protein-coupled, seventransmembrane receptors (7TMRs) and their role in the cardiovascular system and development of cardiomyopathy with attention to the role of autoimmunity and

Section 2 specifically examines the specialised area of cardiorenal pathology. Chapter 10 discusses the perils and opportunities of vascular access in renal patients

being assessed for central venous diseases, while Chapter 11 focuses on early detection and endovascular intervention to correct dialysis vascular access failure.

The final section relates to surgical interventions as part of the armamentarium of medical therapies aimed to alleviate cardiovascular diseases. The section starts with Chapter 12 offering an overview of basic to advanced specialised techniques available to the interventional cardiologist to open occluded arteries in the hope of salvaging myocardial tissue. Chapter 13 focuses on the primary angioplasty in a

partitioned into three distinct sections.

autoantibodies in cardiomyopathy.

3.Cardiovascular Interventions

2.Cardiorenal Pathology

1.Cardiac Risk
