**3. Conclusions**

The superfamily of 7TMRs includes receptors for hormones, neurotransmitters and ion channels, and are critical to mediate physiological and cellular processes [1, 2]. This chapter has investigated adrenoreceptors (both α- and β-adrenergic receptors) and the components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) especially AngII, ACE and the AT1 and AT2 receptors. The chapter has also looked at endothelin-1 (ET-1) and its receptor, and precursor Big endothelin-1 and finally the muscarinic receptors. By looking at their numerous effects in both healthy and diseased vasculature and cardiac disorders, especially cardiomyopathies, it can be seen that there are wide ranging effects. Developing these 7TMRs as markers of disease, for prognosis, diagnosis and therapeutic treatments is becoming more important as their many roles as being uncovered in the cardiovascular system.

**159**

**Author details**

Valentina Kubale1

Ljubljana, Slovenia

Poznań, Poland

and Catrin Sian Rutland4

Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

provided the original work is properly cited.

\*

*The Function of Seven Transmembrane Receptors in the Cardiovascular System and Their Role…*

The authors would like to thank their institutions for funding them. Ewelina Prozorowska, Kristýna Glocová, and Lucy Slater were undertaking research internships with Catrin Sian Rutland at The University of Nottingham, UK. Kristýna Glocová had her internship funded by The European Association of Veterinary Anatomists (EAVA), Young Research Career Development Award; therefore, Kristýna and Catrin would like to thank the EAVA. The ORCID ID of Catrin

, Ewelina Prozorowska2,4, Kristýna Glocová3,4, Lucy Slater4

1 Veterinary Faculty, Institute for Preclinical Sciences, University of Ljubljana,

2 Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Life Sciences,

3 University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

4 School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Medical Faculty, University of

\*Address all correspondence to: catrin.rutland@nottingham.ac.uk

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92628*

Rutland is https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2009-4898.

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

**Acknowledgements**

**Conflicts of interest**

*The Function of Seven Transmembrane Receptors in the Cardiovascular System and Their Role… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92628*
