**13.2 The problem of a parametrically incomplete observation**

From the diagnostician's viewpoint, a quadroscope, dynamic image analysis is a very attractive option, since the acquisition of motion geometry parameters is based exclusively on the measurements of patient's relatively casual behavior, recorded by few cameras. The only nuisance are reflective (or glowing with their own light) markers fixed to the body. The drawback of this solution is a complete lack of information on the causative processes that lead to the motion of the limbs, as well as about the motion results, or, in other words, the kinematic impact of its action on the ground.

The elements trying to fill this gap were two types of contact posturometry systems, the first of which—strain gauges—collected information about the distribution of foot pressure on the ground (in the time domain) and the second, accelerometer analyzers, through a network of sensors located on the limbs, recorded multichannel motion speed and limb acceleration.

Since 2003, the Laboratory of Biotechnology ("LABIOT") began to construct measuring systems combining both of the above diagnostic features with the simultaneous measurement of the blood flow and even the electrical parameters of the skin and muscles (**Figure 1b**). Parameters registered by the prototypes, which were built according to the above schemes, initially showed little satisfactory repeatability; hence, a strict standardization (markering) of measurement points was introduced. The multithreaded systems corrected this way showed much greater stability and reproducibility of the results. Undeniably it was a technical success, yielding a large number of reliable measurement results interconnected on a common time base. As it turned out, technical success was only a partial solution to the problem

#### **Figure 1.**

*A scheme of the author's contact posturometry system: (a) built in 2003, which integrates a multichannel system of acceleration sensors with feet strain gauge sensors and sensors registering flows in the blood vessels; (b) numerically recording system (PSB1) quadroscopic-podoscopic, gyroscopic, accelerometric, and strain gauge parameters of the patient's body, presented at the Rehabilitation Fair in 2019.*

**67**

**Author details**

Andrzej Jan Dyszkiewicz1,2,3\* and Diana Hruby1,2,3

3 Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland

\*Address all correspondence to: andrzej@labio.pl

provided the original work is properly cited.

1 LABIOT Laboratory of Biotechnology, Cieszyn, Poland

2 Faculty of Mechatronics, University of Technology, Katowice, Poland

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

*Biomechanics as an Element of the Motion Clinimetry System*

and was not reflected in the clinical aspect, as numerous and accurately registered measurement parameters were presented in completely different physical units and

There is yet another question that arises—how to understand the body's dynamic state at various movement stages described by multiple numbers, whose calibration systems are anchored in completely different dimensions and physical units? Is there a common denominator that indicates the momentary, initial, and final status for such data distribution, let alone a reliable clinical interpretation?

thus were difficult to correlate and even more so to interpret [97, 98].

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92757*

#### *Biomechanics as an Element of the Motion Clinimetry System DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92757*

*Recent Advances in Biomechanics*

ing power of the computer system.

the ground.

individuals that belong to the same species. Thus, a body construction property, acting as a geometrically distinctive feature for a given species, is called the marker point. A convenient starting procedure is to perform the erosion of the body image (loss conversion), in order to expose the main limb axes, at the same time indicating their joint connections (bonds). The next step is to flag the selected markers at the coordinate system obtained and to draw the vectors showing the acceleration, velocity, and direction of motion. The procedure requires a considerable comput-

From the diagnostician's viewpoint, a quadroscope, dynamic image analysis is a very attractive option, since the acquisition of motion geometry parameters is based exclusively on the measurements of patient's relatively casual behavior, recorded by few cameras. The only nuisance are reflective (or glowing with their own light) markers fixed to the body. The drawback of this solution is a complete lack of information on the causative processes that lead to the motion of the limbs, as well as about the motion results, or, in other words, the kinematic impact of its action on

The elements trying to fill this gap were two types of contact posturometry systems, the first of which—strain gauges—collected information about the distribution of foot pressure on the ground (in the time domain) and the second, accelerometer analyzers, through a network of sensors located on the limbs, recorded

Since 2003, the Laboratory of Biotechnology ("LABIOT") began to construct measuring systems combining both of the above diagnostic features with the simultaneous measurement of the blood flow and even the electrical parameters of the skin and muscles (**Figure 1b**). Parameters registered by the prototypes, which were built according to the above schemes, initially showed little satisfactory repeatability; hence, a strict standardization (markering) of measurement points was introduced. The multithreaded systems corrected this way showed much greater stability and reproducibility of the results. Undeniably it was a technical success, yielding a large number of reliable measurement results interconnected on a common time base. As it turned out, technical success was only a partial solution to the problem

*A scheme of the author's contact posturometry system: (a) built in 2003, which integrates a multichannel system of acceleration sensors with feet strain gauge sensors and sensors registering flows in the blood vessels; (b) numerically recording system (PSB1) quadroscopic-podoscopic, gyroscopic, accelerometric, and strain gauge* 

*parameters of the patient's body, presented at the Rehabilitation Fair in 2019.*

**13.2 The problem of a parametrically incomplete observation**

multichannel motion speed and limb acceleration.

**66**

**Figure 1.**

and was not reflected in the clinical aspect, as numerous and accurately registered measurement parameters were presented in completely different physical units and thus were difficult to correlate and even more so to interpret [97, 98].

There is yet another question that arises—how to understand the body's dynamic state at various movement stages described by multiple numbers, whose calibration systems are anchored in completely different dimensions and physical units? Is there a common denominator that indicates the momentary, initial, and final status for such data distribution, let alone a reliable clinical interpretation?
