**1.3 A summary of the project features**

*Recent Advances in Biomechanics*

are allowed.

(e.g., SI).

in other scales is a non-arbitrary "0" point on the scale, is the so-called absolute zero, giving the possibility of estimating not only the symmetry of parameters measured by a common unit but primarily a comparison (on one frame of reference) of measurement trends, based on units that are significantly different in their specificity, and virtually using all statistical techniques. Quotient scale, as the most versatile, has all the properties of nominal, ordinal, and interval scale, enabling precise calculation of relationships between the scale values, for which all proportional transformations in the form of y = bx (where b is a positive number)

Typization is the process of ranking elements of reality into certain types by referring to existing knowledge resources, preferably parametric (Schütz). A specific element of the surrounding space is treated as similar, provided that the construction and parametric criteria typical of the previously created and known set of features are met. This procedure is an expression of the use of economic simplifications in the classification of objects. Getting to know the surrounding space, you first perceive the general features typical of the class of the object and only then focus on the details. A certain analogy, in particular for the creative process, is standardization, i.e., the activity of analyzing and giving new procedures and innovative products' parametric repeatability to ensure compatibility and limit unnecessary diversity. Profiles of standardized products are made public in the form of standards, technical regulations, or recommended parametric standards

The idea of typing for a measuring system is reflected in **Figure 1**, where each of the measured parameters is presented as a plane built into the patient's standard silhouette, on which the lateralization coefficient is determined, which is a reflection of the local parametric symmetry determined on the basis of sensor indications applied at standard marker points. The quotient of these values gives a lateralization

*The layout of marker symmetry on AMSS measurement planes according to the P402850 patent application in the Polish Patent Office, entitled "Method of formulating parametric, diagnostic-therapeutic criteria with an* 

**26**

**Figure 1.**

*algorithm and device for its implementation".*

While developing the author's concept of anatomical-functional parameterization of symmetry, attention was drawn to the subsequent stages necessary for implementation [5]:

1.Introduction of (employed by us) anatomical standard agreed on transverse measurement planes of the body A(1…n) (**Figure 2**) in order to determine symmetric left-hand MA(1…n)L(x1…n) and right-hand MA(1…n)P(y-…n) markers – their location quite naturally prompts a conversion of any interval parametric scale (exemplary units: V, mA, Ω, um, T) to symmetry and asymmetry indices on a quotient scale, which may reflect symmetry or asymmetry of both, selected features of static images (photography, radiography, and microdensitometry), anatomical structure of twin body organs (joints, bone parts, and points of silhouette contours), dynamic images (quadroscopy and X-ray seriography), and recordable spontaneous (thermography, magnetography, and electrography) and forced emission phenomena (scintigraphy, gammagraphy, and SPECT). It also applies to contact recording of dynamic (accelerometry, gyrometry, and tensometry), electrical (EMG, ENG, EEG, EOG, and PCP), and magnetic phenomena, as well as rheological parameters in symmetrical points of the vascular system (plethysmography, Doppler-USG, angio-CT, and angio-MR).


#### **Figure 2.**

*Exemplary construction of a measurement graph with indication of lateralisation direction (R/L), type of the test (STM—survey tests, MSPT—static planimetric tests, MDPT—dynamic planimetric tests, CTM biometric tests, ATM—biochemical tests) and sequence of time stamps.*

