**2.1 Introduction**

It is very interesting for any practitioner involved in the diagnosis and treatment of the musculoskeletal system to be able to make a quick and direct measurement of selected characteristics of the geometry of motion vectors and stabilometric posture features against the causative motion parameters (psychometry) and the consequences of movement, among others, contourography, tensometry, accelerometry, electrosensometry, multi-point thermo- and plethysmography, electromyography, nerve conduction, diagnostic imaging parameters, and even psychometric diagnosis of the patient. Implementing this direction of research at LABIOT, at the turn of 1999 and 2000, many clinical tests successfully used a 12-channel system of accelerometer sensors for the analysis of the California gait markers, sensors for the assessment of the respiratory tract, the Lasegue and Yeoman's test, recording the oscillations of selected marker bodies in specific clinical and kinematic states. The advantages of such a configured system have been confirmed in large-scale clinical tests [6, 7]*.* To meet the need of standard repeatable, optimized measurements of static and dynamic parameters of the human body, and on the basis of them, for an introduction of criterialization of an upright posture and selected dynamic features, it was attempted to group diagnostic tools on a computer platform [8–15], which enables obtaining multidimensional, psychological, planimetric (static), posturometric, and dynamic determinants and thereafter their registration in one database (with a unique ID for each patient). The resulting data is presented on a quotient scale, in the case of biochemical and psychological tests as indicators of the upper or lower limit of the norm, while in the case of planimetric and bioengineering tests as indicators of lateralization. These phenomena have been studied in laboratory and clinically in the succeeding years and were described in the following publications [1, 16–18].

**29**

*Theoretical Biomechanics: Design of the Associated Measurement Symmetry System*

The essence of the AMSS is the method of formulating parametric diagnostic and therapeutic criteria as well as the algorithm and device for its implementation. The purpose of AMSS is to parametrically reflect health and disease (with specified criteria) using the results of simultaneously used research methods that may differ significantly in the dimensions of the physical units used. The method and algorithm give the opportunity to present all test results on a common time axis, preferably on a quotient scale in the form of a graph consisting of dimensionless coefficients related to symmetry, or the minimum or maximum reference value adopted for a specific measuring method (in particular laboratory). This way of recording, processing, and simultaneous presentation of the results of known and commonly used measurement methods opens the way to obtaining a new type of numerical criterion graphs illustrating the state of health and unambiguously pathological criteria. The criterion graph can also be presented in a reduced form

**The AMSS system**, using electronic, algorithmic, and software criteria, allows

1.Simultaneous, multidimensional recording of biomedical data and their con-

2.Processing of static, geometric features of body images made with any imaging technique to form symmetry quotient coefficients, recorded with a time stamp

3.Processing of dynamic, geometric features of body images made with any technique to form quotient coefficients associated with symmetry as well as

4.Processing of numerical values for substance concentrations determined "in vivo" and "in vitro" into quotient coefficients that are correlated with the maximum and minimum reference concentration and with a time stamp

5.Processing of numerical results of psychological tests to form quotient coefficients that are correlated with the maximum and minimum value of the refer-

**Patient's condition** can be registered on the large-format medium (e.g., phone memory card—20 GB) and coupled with a sequence of globally or zone synchronized time stamps (T) as a set of simultaneous, multi-track test results, reflecting the characteristics of the structure and function of the body: (1) quotient indicators (of lateralization), for measurements performed within the markers of symmetrical body parts, and (2) quotient indicators in relation to the maximum or minimum

The purpose of using quotient factors is to create the possibility of the following:

1.Converting the measurement results initially presented using various interval

2.Presentation of many, even several dozen parameters of the quotient scale on a common chart using a time stamp to clearly define time relations for interpara-

scales to a common denominator, the ratio of the quotient scale

version into quotient coefficients, recorded with a time stamp

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92758*

using inter-parameter correlation indicators.

with time marker and path

ence test and a time stamp

metric correlation coefficients

value (for results of questionnaire and laboratory tests).

for the following:

**2.2 The essence of the AMSS system**

*Theoretical Biomechanics: Design of the Associated Measurement Symmetry System DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92758*

### **2.2 The essence of the AMSS system**

*Recent Advances in Biomechanics*

markers (**Figure 2**).

device for its implementation" [5].

in the following publications [1, 16–18].

**2.1 Introduction**

2.In such a constellation, a parametric motion profile (as a single or one of many described functions) of a healthy individual is in fact a sum of (developed over time) parallel sequences of quotients of parameter symmetries (x ≈ 1 ± 0.1), calculated individually (as simple or alternating indices) on the basis of data from the left-hand MA(1…n)L(x1…n) and right-hand MA(1…n)P(y-…n) markers located in twin, anatomically characteristic (agreed on) points of the transverse measurement planes of the body A(1…n) (**Figure 2**), while the motion dysfunction in this approach is a sum of parallel, asymmetric sequences (x < 0.9 lub x > 1.1), for the parameters calculated on the basis of the above standard of

3.The results, presented as the (developed over time) quotient scale coefficients, are subject to the laws of statistics, in particular to the correlation calculus, which searches for parametric constellations particularly relevant for dysfunc-

Detailed assumptions and relevant design parameters of the AMSS original idea have been included in the documentation of patent application P402850, entitled "Method of associating results of several research methods as well as algorithm and

It is very interesting for any practitioner involved in the diagnosis and treatment of the musculoskeletal system to be able to make a quick and direct measurement of selected characteristics of the geometry of motion vectors and stabilometric posture features against the causative motion parameters (psychometry) and the consequences of movement, among others, contourography, tensometry, accelerometry, electrosensometry, multi-point thermo- and plethysmography, electromyography, nerve conduction, diagnostic imaging parameters, and even psychometric diagnosis of the patient. Implementing this direction of research at LABIOT, at the turn of 1999 and 2000, many clinical tests successfully used a 12-channel system of accelerometer sensors for the analysis of the California gait markers, sensors for the assessment of the respiratory tract, the Lasegue and Yeoman's test, recording the oscillations of selected marker bodies in specific clinical and kinematic states. The advantages of such a configured system have been confirmed in large-scale clinical tests [6, 7]*.* To meet the need of standard repeatable, optimized measurements of static and dynamic parameters of the human body, and on the basis of them, for an introduction of criterialization of an upright posture and selected dynamic features, it was attempted to group diagnostic tools on a computer platform [8–15], which enables obtaining multidimensional, psychological, planimetric (static), posturometric, and dynamic determinants and thereafter their registration in one database (with a unique ID for each patient). The resulting data is presented on a quotient scale, in the case of biochemical and psychological tests as indicators of the upper or lower limit of the norm, while in the case of planimetric and bioengineering tests as indicators of lateralization. These phenomena have been studied in laboratory and clinically in the succeeding years and were described

tional syndromes accompanying specific disease syndromes.

**2. The associated measurement symmetry system (AMSS)**

**28**

The essence of the AMSS is the method of formulating parametric diagnostic and therapeutic criteria as well as the algorithm and device for its implementation. The purpose of AMSS is to parametrically reflect health and disease (with specified criteria) using the results of simultaneously used research methods that may differ significantly in the dimensions of the physical units used. The method and algorithm give the opportunity to present all test results on a common time axis, preferably on a quotient scale in the form of a graph consisting of dimensionless coefficients related to symmetry, or the minimum or maximum reference value adopted for a specific measuring method (in particular laboratory). This way of recording, processing, and simultaneous presentation of the results of known and commonly used measurement methods opens the way to obtaining a new type of numerical criterion graphs illustrating the state of health and unambiguously pathological criteria. The criterion graph can also be presented in a reduced form using inter-parameter correlation indicators.

**The AMSS system**, using electronic, algorithmic, and software criteria, allows for the following:


**Patient's condition** can be registered on the large-format medium (e.g., phone memory card—20 GB) and coupled with a sequence of globally or zone synchronized time stamps (T) as a set of simultaneous, multi-track test results, reflecting the characteristics of the structure and function of the body: (1) quotient indicators (of lateralization), for measurements performed within the markers of symmetrical body parts, and (2) quotient indicators in relation to the maximum or minimum value (for results of questionnaire and laboratory tests).

The purpose of using quotient factors is to create the possibility of the following:

