**2.3 Physical dimensions**

*Recent Advances in Biomechanics*

fibular head.

lar head.

femoral origin of the ALatL, with it found to be posterior and proximal to the LCL attachment in six knees, anterior and distal in three knees, and at the same site in one knee. The tibial attachment was more consistent in location, and was found to be a mean 17.7 (±2.95) mm from Gerdy's tubercle and 12.3 (±3.55) mm from the

Helito et al. [10] stated that there is some controversy regarding the femoral attachment site of the ALatL around whether it is anterior and distal or posterior and proximal to the LCL attachment site. Despite this, the tibial attachment site is however consistently defined as being between the Gerdy's tubercle and the fibu-

In conclusion, studies conducted by Claes et al. [4], Kennedy et al. [5] and Kosy et al. [9] found some discrepancy between the femoral origin of the ALatL and Helito et al. [10] stated that this was a common trait. Claes et al. [4] found the origin to be located anterior and distal to the origin of the LCL, compared to research conducted by Kennedy et al. [5] and Kosy et al. [9] who agreed that the most

*Sketch of the anterolateral aspect of the knee showing the anterolateral ligament relative to other soft tissue structures. ALatL = anterolateral ligament; GT = Gerdy's tubercle; LCL = lateral collateral ligament; LFE = lateral femoral epicondyle; LM = lateral meniscus; PrTFJ = proximal tibiofibular joint; and* 

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**Figure 2.**

*TibT = tibial tubercle.*

Claes et al. [4] found that the measured mean length of the ALatL while in neutral rotation at a flexion angle of 90° was 41.5 (±6.7) mm and in extension was 38.5 (±6.1) mm. This therefore shows that there is some tension in the ALatL during flexion of the knee. Further testing found that the ALatL was mostly in tension while the knee was in a flexed position with an internal rotation applied. The mean width of the ALatLs' investigated by Claes et al. [4], was 6.7 (±3.0) mm and thickness 1.3 (±0.6) mm. Kosy et al. [9] found that of the 10 specimens that the ALatL was able to be located and for a knee flexion angle of 30° and neutral rotation, the mean dimensions were length 40.1 (± 5.53) mm, width 4.63 (±1.39) mm and thickness 0.87 (±0.18) mm. Hence, the values found by Claes et al. [4] and Kosy et al. [9] were similar while also taking into consideration the knee was positioned differently during measurement.
