Meet the editors

Petrică Vizureanu was born on October 17, 1967, in Bârlad, Romania. He obtained an MSc and PhD in Heating Equipment from The "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University, Iasi, Romania in 1992 and 1999, respectively. Dr. Vizureanu is currently full Professor and Scientific Supervisor in Materials Engineering (since 2009) at the same university. His research focuses on expert systems for heating system programming, computer-assist-

ed design for heating equipment, heating equipment for materials processing, heat transfer, biomaterials, and geopolymers. He has published more than 140 papers in international journals and conference proceedings, and thirty-three books.

Claudia Botelho obtained a PhD in Science Engineering from Porto University, Portugal, in 2005. From 2001 to 2006 her research was carried out in the United Kingdom and Japan, where she focused on the development of custom-made ceramic prostheses for reconstructive surgery. In 2013 she was invited as a lecturer at Minho University, Portugal. Her work was distinguished with several international prizes, like the European Award on Biomaterials

and Tissue Engineering Doctoral Award. Dr. Botelho has supervised many graduate and postgraduate theses. In 2015 she was elected president of the National Researcher Association of Science and Technology, collaborating development of new scientific policies. Currently, she is focusing on the characterisation of natural molecules that can be encapsulated into new developed cubosomes.

Contents

**Section 1**

Dental Implants

Engineering

**Section 2**

of Hydroxyapatite

by 3D Printing

*and Subbaraya Narayana Kalkura*

*Alam Khan and Mitsugu Todo*

**Preface XI**

Medical Devices **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 39**

**Chapter 3 53**

Medical Materials **75**

**Chapter 4 77**

**Chapter 5 97**

**Chapter 6 121**

**Chapter 7 131**

*by Andrea Domingues Goncalves, Wendy Balestri and Yvonne Reinwald*

*by İhsan Çağlar Çınar, B. Alper Gültekin, Alper Sağlanmak and Cem Töre*

Excellency of Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue

Development of New Advanced Ti-Mo Alloys for Medical Applications *by Petrică Vizureanu, Mădălina Simona Bălțatu and Andrei Victor Sandu*

Impact of Dopants on the Electrical and Optical Properties

Biomaterial for Bone and Dental Implants: Synthesis of B-Type

*by Bernard Owusu Asimeng, David Walter Afeke and Elvis Kwason Tiburu*

Innovative Hybrid Materials with Improved Tensile Strength Obtained

*by Roxana Mioara Piticescu, Laura Madalina Cursaru, Gabriela Negroiu, Cristina Florentina Ciobota, Ciprian Neagoe and Daniel Safranchik*

*by Kumaravelu Thanigai Arul, Jayapalan Ramana Ramya* 

Carbonated Hydroxyapatite from Biogenic Source

*by Mohammad Shariful Islam, Mohammad Abdulla-Al-Mamun,* 

Biomedical Implants for Regenerative Therapies

## Contents


Preface

Globally, there is a continuous concern for research and development of alloys for medical and biomedical applications. The goal is to improve both the classic technologies of implant implementation and the technologies of synthesis of the biomaterials from which they are executed, with a final aim to promote a new generation of multifunctional implants with long-term performances.

Biomaterials have been used for several thousand years by ancient cultures in Egypt, Babylon, Greece, Italy, China, and Central and South America to replace different parts of the human bone system. These materials were used and developed before coining of the modern term "biompatibility," which was introduced about 60 years ago when

Biomaterials must be **biocompatible**, meaning they must be non-toxic and not release ions so that they can be tolerated by the human body for long periods of time (decades). They must also have certain **mechanical properties**, including mechanical stability depending on the application in which they are used, and they must resist demands and not break or deform excessively over time. Finally, biomaterials require **efficiency**, that is, they must be reliable, accessible, cost-effective, easy to process, and sterile. Considering all this, when obtaining biomaterials, raw materials of high purity are

The global biomaterials market is constantly growing due to an increasing population that is susceptible to diseases, such as cardiovascular, dental, orthopedic, and neurological conditions. Expansion and improvement of the market are necessary to improve the health of patients and extend the duration of use of biomaterials in the human body.

This book provides an overview of biomaterials science with a focus on health and medical applications that can be improved with new biomaterials with non-allergenic elements. These materials are designed to meet functional requirements and overcome

Over seven chapters, this volume explains the problems created by classical alloys and examines how the new generation of biomaterials helps both doctors and patients. What is remarkable for the domain of biomaterials is the evolution and substantial efforts that

This book is designed for students, doctors, patients, and researchers worldwide.

**Petrică Vizureanu (Academic editor)** Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iași,

**Claudia Manuela da Cunha Ferreira Botelho (Co-editor)**

Romania

Portugal

University of Minho,

the disadvantages of classical alloys used as biomaterials in human tissue.

have been made every day for constant improvement.

selected and the influence of the alloying elements must be studied.

researchers began to study and develop this field.
