*2.2.1* Drosophila melanogaster

*Drosophila melanogaster*, universally familiar as the fruit fly, have turned up as an outstanding model for human neurodegenerative diseases, comprising PD. Due to their high degree of conserved molecular pathways with mammalian models, Drosophila PD models serve to be an inexpensive solution to pilot stages of target validation in the drug discovery pipeline. Fruit fly acts as a screening platform to evaluate the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals from natural extracts against PD [47]. *Drosophila melanogaster* is a persuasive tool to explore molecular facets and physiopathology of Parkinson's disease (PD) [48]*.* There are studies that compare the effects of L-DOPA vs. MP extract using a Drosophila model of autosomal recessive PD in which flies carried a mutation in the PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK-1) gene [49]. Their observations illustrates that *Drosophila* fed on MP had a significantly extended lifespan, showed a restored olfactory response and improved climbing behavior compared to flies that consumed L-DOPA.
