**Conflict of interest**

*Bioethics in Medicine and Society*

technology is subjected is alarming.

industry or government.

ous means.

**11. Conclusions**

require the collaboration of various groups of experts and disciplines that seek to minimize risks, both in the handling of massive data, and in cyberattacks by vari-

Society is increasingly dependent on technology, examples of which are: the internet, mobile technology, artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing and blockchain among others, which facilitate the management and administration of massive information. In the case of the IoT, it has been becoming widespread in various environments such as health, industrial, transport and services, among others, progressively incorporating the aforementioned technologies. In this sense, there is growing concern about the fragility of this technology, which proves to be notoriously vulnerable to cyberattacks. The reason for this is the continuous proliferation of IoT devices that do not meet the minimum-security standards; thus, they expose an individual and society in general to being spied on and possibly attacked. Added to this panorama are the vulnerabilities inherent to communication architectures, which have yet to be resolved, and the lack of management and administration of devices by the personnel in charge, which increase the risk of unauthorized access to an information system. What is critical about this matter is that the health sector has been incorporating the IoT into its services and although it takes their security very seriously, the spectrum of vulnerabilities to which this

The IoT is expanding its range of action by integrating with 5G communication networks, and the hospital environment is no stranger to this. With this in mind, the diversification of services and connectivity will be reflected in Smart City, Green Systems and Transport Systems, which will facilitate the analysis and visualization of large volumes of data that the IoT generates permanently. This implies that secure communication architectures are required, capable of withstanding attacks of various kinds, particularly those of the DDoS type that have been expanding their modalities by integrating other advanced malware technologies. Consequently, the development of networks of sensors, actuators and remote diagnostic systems will require a unification of standards and protocols that guarantee that the IoT devices that are or are released on the market present a minimum risk that compromises critical or sensitive information, well of a person, institution,

Based on the current global instability attributed to social, political, economic, health and environmental factors, cyberattacks have not diminished. In fact, with the problem of the COVID-19 pandemic, remote work skyrocketed and with it the objectives of cybercriminals were diversified, where resources such as corporate VPN gateways and non-public web resources such as emails have been compromised by the high risk of being hijacked by malware, such as APTs, ransomware and botnet, to name a few, giving way to the growth of the DDoS market.

Finally, in the coming years an increase in IoT devices is predicted in large cities in their critical infrastructures, expanding their services and promoting permanent monitoring in search of anomalies of various types: climate, environmental pollution, security (citizen, computing, biosafety, etc.), mobility and health, among others, which is why the use of other technologies for the analysis and treatment of massive data is expected to explode, and with it the risk and vulnerabilities that need to be addressed from now on. The task in this sense is not easy but it is not impossible either, technologies such as quantum encryption, quantum internet and AI processors that reduce the risk of attacks on hardware such as system software,

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The author declares no conflict of interest.
