**d. Disturbances in heart rate**


The time of onset of CHF varies rather predictably with the type of CHD.

Table 2. Cause of heart failure in the neonate

Two important CHDs that present with CHF in the newborn period are hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and large PDA in premature infants. Transient myocardial ischemia and infants of diabetic mothers are other causes of CHF in the neonate.
