*Does the Interaction between ICT Diffusion and Economic Growth Reduce CO2 Emissions?… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102945*



**Table 7.** *Long-run estimation.*

### *Does the Interaction between ICT Diffusion and Economic Growth Reduce CO2 Emissions?… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102945*


#### **Table 8.**

*Toda and Yamamoto granger causality test results.*

Findings presented in **Table 6** resume the ARDL short-run relationship between the dependent variable and the explanatory variables. It is necessary to note that the sign of ECTt-1 is as we expected. It is negative and statistically significant. Then, we can conclude that there is a cointegration relationship between the variables of the model.

Findings presented in **Table 7** show that in the short run, the coefficient of the variable of the interaction between ICT and economic growth is positive and significant. The positive relationship running from the interaction between ICT and economic growth toward carbon emissions signifies that economic growth is a channel through which ICT enhances the environmental quality in both countries. The result collaborates with the findings of Khan et al. [9] and Danish et al. [14]. So, we can conclude that in the short term, the Moroccan and Tunisian economic growths were found to be a channel through ICT to improve the environmental quality.

Similarly, in the long run, the impact of the interaction between economic growth and technology on CO2 emissions was found to be positive and significant in all models where ICT is measured by fbs, fts, internet, and mcs. These results confirm that, also, in the long term, economic growth increased ICT's ability to improve the environmental quality in both countries.

#### **5.3 Toda and Yamamoto granger causality test results**

The next step is to examine the directions and causality between the variables for the cross-check of our findings using the Toda and Yamamoto Granger causality test. The results of this test are presented in **Table 8**. Based on the objective of this paper, we are going to be concerned about the results of the relationship between GDP, CO2 emission, and ICT. As we could see from **Table 8**, there is bidirectional causality between CO2 emissions and economic growth; however, there is a unidirectional causality running from each measure of ICT (FTS, FBS, MCS, and INTERNET) to CO2 without feedback.

*Does the Interaction between ICT Diffusion and Economic Growth Reduce CO2 Emissions?… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102945*
