**6. Conclusion**

Global trades are going through lots of volatility from geopolitical instability and natural disasters. The current situation requires businesses to develop their strategic goals for growth, risk management, and global supply chain for the short term, mid-term as well as long term. Manufacturing firms need to develop multipronged and multi-disciplinary approaches to address challenges facing current and future supply chain disruptions. The use of advanced technologies like artificial intelligence (AI) and Business analytics can be helpful to analyze large-scale data and keep track of supply chain movements in real-time and develop the ability to re-configure the Supply chain on short notice. A firm's ability to succeed in global markets will depend on the capacity of the industry to adapt to a rapidly changing business landscape.

To sum up, Industry 4.0 seems to have reached heights when it comes to the organization of enterprises at a global level. We described how international organizations could benefit from Industry 4.0 doing international business. We explained how the components of Industry 4.0 had enhanced many aspects of SMEs and MNCs, by analyzing the evolution of the different phases of the historical context to come to such a strong, advanced stage. We, therefore, defined the industry and its key components to explain its contribution to the organization.

Managers need to develop the ability to identify the opportunities and the strengths brought up by this industrial revolution. We took a look into its efficiency features, and opportunities to satisfy the varied demands thanks to capabilities of customization, and the power of the use of Big Data Analytics, as well as the great impact that this evolution has on the environment. Nevertheless, all these benefits do not come without some challenges. Indeed, Industry 4.0 has full of potentialities of innovation and quite complex transformations to simplify and adapt organizations, especially in terms of human resources because robotics and automation will have huge a repercussion on the social aspect. Most especially, developing and emerging countries that participate in the global value chain by offering advantageous manufacturing production locations will face stiff competition between Industry 4.0 based technologies with those of cheap and abundant labor force in those countries. There is no option other than up-grading the workforce and integrating into the 4.0 era to face these new challenges in the era of Industry 4.0. Finally, as valuable as Big Data can be for the industry, we have found out that it is still a domain that requires particular attention since its use remains quite laborious.

Nonetheless, this modern revolutionary phase is not the last of its category. In fact, the very recent rise of Industry 5.0, a solution provider for people and the planet has flipped the script. Indeed, the new revolution of Industry 5.0 puts an emphasis on the well-being of the workers and captures all the added-value components of Industry 4.0 with the aim of prosperity in the new industry as an ambition for a better future.

*Evolution of Industry 4.0 and Its Implications for International Business DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101764*
