**2.3 Measuring internationalization**

A number of instruments are released to measure internationalization. Some European Universities set indicators that can be used to assess their level, reflected through their students and staffs participation in the internationalization agenda. For example, Spencer-Oatey and Dauber [6] set some measure indicators which corroborate the goal dimension, namely to create a well prepare student for life and work in the intercultural and globalizing world, as follows:


In addition, there is another approach to measuring the internationalization agenda by benchmarking organizations whose professionally rank universities for their degree of internatiolization. The most parameters used are notable international composition of students and staffs as well as in the numbers involved in international movement and research. **Table 3** shows some parameters counted in Times Higher Education (THE), QS University Ranking, and U-Multirank. These organization basically agree that internationalization are measured by a proportion or percentage of involved students, and staffs against total students or staffs in a particular year. In other words, students and staffs mobility programs are the important ingredience to measure the degree of internationalization in a higher learning institution.

#### **2.4 Design of impacting internationalization**

The higher education should lead towards a broader agenda of societal impact [8]. However, to arrive that goal, a higher education should build its international trajectory in order to gradually move towards a reputable international university or program. According to Spencer-Oatey and Dauber [6], the road towards reputable international university needs to develop a subsequent trajectory which is described into stages of internationalization. Initially higher institution starts with Pre-Internationalization which is characterized by culturally homogenous campus community. As higher education increasingly diverse and heterogenous, the higher education achieve structural internationalization. Once it has part of international community, the higher education commences to be transformed as community internationalization. Given an active and dynamic international interaction by for example explore the experience of students and staffs who are in the front line of the internationalization, the competency internationalization is achieved. Therefore, the stages of internationalization require a solid commitment which is able to connect between integrated communities and global education, supported by continous effort of students as well as staffs (**Figure 3**).


#### **Table 3.**

*Parameter for internationalization.*

*Development Strategies towards a Reputable International Program: Special Focus… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94322*

Having elaborated subsequent steps, the higher education shall develop a system approach to impact. The innovation model is proposed by Spencer-Oatey and Dauber [6] that include application of research and experimental education across the private, public, third sectors, and broader community (**Figure 4**).

Technically, the model requires dynamic interaction and flows of people, knowledge and technology. In terms of people, the model requires talented students and staffs dealing with internationalization agenda. In terms of knowledge, it needs scientific publication through joint research, international joint conference, and visiting fellow. Finally, in terms of technology, the talented students and staff combined with impactful research and publication are packaged with technological advancement, leading to commercialization (**Figure 5**).

#### **Figure 3.**

*Development stages of internationalization. Source: Spencer-Oatey and Dauber [6].*

**Figure 4.** *Societas impact system. Source: Spencer-Oatey and Dauber [6].* *Education at the Intersection of Globalization and Technology*

**Figure 5.**

*Pathways to societal impact. Source: Spencer-Oatey and Dauber [6].*

**Figure 6.** *Mechanism for societal impact. Source: Gann et al. [8].*

Once the model has been set up and run, the mechanism through which ideas flow for internationalization is designed. The flows are to ensure the sequence stages of internationalization are achieved through colliding productivity growth among parties. In this regards, the flows consists as follows (**Figure 6**):


*Development Strategies towards a Reputable International Program: Special Focus… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94322*

