**3. Extent of participation of women in agriculture farm and allied activities**

Nature and extent of the involvement of women folk vary significantly from one region to another and even within a region. They take part largely in as many as 11 family operations out of total 17. While ploughing remains much male-dominated, women heavily involve themselves in activities like sowing/transplanting (86%), weeding (84%), storage of grains (78%), land preparation (72%), cleaning seeds for sowing (70%), gap filling (68%), manure and fertilizer application (68%),

*Occupational Wellbeing*

Ergonomics is a multidisciplinary science that activities to make a better fit between the work and the worker to ensure their healthiness and well-being. It emphasizes on designing and arranging things so that workers can use them easily and safely. The International Ergonomics Association [6] defined ergonomics as a science that deals with understanding the interaction between humans and other elements of a socio-technical system. Using ergonomics in agriculture helps in reducing and removing the risks involved in work, machines, vehicles and the work environment which includes tools and materials, method of work, ambient conditions, physical environment and organization of work. Ergonomics and sustainable agriculture should go hand in hand with each other. Women contribute in overall farm production--average contribution--is estimated to be in the range of 60 to 65 percent of the total labour and in certain areas, the same contribution is even higher in percentages. Unfortunately even today, agriculture related activities rank as one of the most hazardous activities as it relies mostly on manual labour and people working in the fields of agriculture are exposed to a multiple varieties of hazards that are extremely damaging to their physical condition and well-being. People from rural communities and background often lack orientation and knowledge on the health related issues that they face. Farmwomen consider pain as a traditional part of work or let us say their *Karma* and seek medical assistance when the condition becomes ruthless or disabling. This same issue carries over to preventive measures designed to reduce the incidence of musculoskeletal injuries or other hazardous work exposures [7]. It was reported by [8] that the share of women labour force in agricultural operations is expected to be 55 percent by 2025 A.D. They participate in several farm operations putting many hours of productive manual labor daily. It is duly reported [9] that women contribute to plentiful responsibilities to undertake extensive range of duties both in the home and outside but their partaking is considered insignificant by the social order. They are at length involved in a variety of farm operations like transplanting, weeding, harvesting, processing, marketing and selling of food grains, fruits and vegetables etc. These activities not only require substantial time and energy but also are the sources of tremendous amount of drudgery. Drudgery, which is largely, envisaged as physical and mental damage, anguish, repetitiveness and hardship that are experienced by farmwomen while performing these farm operations. The drudgery prone situations lead to an assortment of health and mechanical hazards, which creates physical exhaustion fatigue

The objective of seeking for recent articles related to ergonomic evaluation of occupational hazard of Indian agriculture farm and allied activities the common search engines of Google Scholar, Scopus PubMed and Science Direct were used. Once we were identifying a study, we made a methodical survey within the web site of the journal during which the study was published with the intention of detecting further studies. All the co-authors discussed on the content of the chosen papers and a few of them were excluded, because they did not meet a minimum of one among the inclusion criteria described below. Evaluating the methodology of the selected studies is a key step in carrying out and interpreting systematic literature reviews related to objective of study. Moreover, the literatures, reports and documents associated with this study are reviewed because the references to testify the

While collecting the data; particular attention was given to the selection of respondent on physical fitness and prevalence of any serious health hazard. The

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and low productivity.

**2. Methodology**

knowledge we obtained and selected up.

harvesting (64%), threshing and winnowing (62%) and rat control practices (58%) [15]. For the period of peak season of agriculture especially during harvesting time, women of farm families labor on an average seven to eight hours a day in the field. This is besides their everyday duties of cooking, fetching water, cleaning etc. [16]. Women are most active in areas like fertilizing, sowing, grain cleaning, drying, etc. Women also partake in almost all aspects of animal husbandry from collecting fodder and feeding the animals to collecting milk and disposing dunk [17].
