**3. Results**

## **3.1 Descriptive and comparative study of socio-professional and demographic data of both cohorts**

In 2009, the study was conducted among 547 participants (218 interns and 113 residents) working in Monastir and Mahdia teaching hospitals with a total response rate of 60.5%. In 2016, the study was conducted among 667 participants (215 interns and 120 residents) in the same teaching hospitals with a global response rate of 50.22%. No significant statistical difference in response rates was noticed between both stages of the study.

The respective specific response rates scheduled according to the chronological progress of the study showed that the interns response rates were about 62.8% in 2009 and 58.74% in 2016 while residents ones were respectively 50.1% and 39.86%.

#### *3.1.1 Socio-demographic and occupational characteristics*

Both populations were statistically comparable in all their sociodemographic and occupational characteristics in both cohorts.

In addition, the participation rates of interns were higher than those of residents (62.8%/62.1%) and the majority of people interviewed were working in medical services in both cohorts (**Table 1**).

#### *3.1.2 Environmental characteristics*

#### a.Family characteristics

Most of participants had no children in 2009 and 2016 Cohorts (90.9%/87.5%). However, 2016 interns and residents were significantly more plaintive about serious family problems (p < 10−3) (**Table 1**).

**195**

*Influence of Tunisian Revolution on Bullying at Work in Interns and Residents*

Professional status (%) Interns 65.9 64.2 NS

Specialty (%) Medical 62.8 62.1 0.04

Children Number: (N) 0 90.9 87.5

Serious Families Problems: (%) yes 11.2 46.6

Means of transport: (%) On foot 30.9 31.9

Leisure activities: (%) Never 42 46.5

Smoking: (%) Yes 22.7 17.9

Alcohol: Yes 13.9 13.1

*Distribution of both cohorts according to environmental and occupational characteristics.*

**Cohort**

Residents 34.12 35.8

Surgical 35.4 37.9

bicycle 3.9 0.9 car 32.6 31.6

Rarely 48 33.5

No 86.1 86.9

No 21.1 14.6

No 58.6 58.2

Fundamental 1.8 0 NS

1 9.1 12.5 <10.3

No 88.8 53.4 NS

Public transport 32.6 35.6 <10.3

Always 10 20 NS

No 77.3 82.1 NS

**2016 cohort** **P**

**Environmental characteristics 2009** 

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93847*

b.Accessibility to workplace

c.Sports activities and hobbies:

d.Alcohol-smoking habits

cohort (p = 0.012).

**Table 1.**

(p < 10−3) (**Table 1**).

The daily average distance to attend workplace was statistically higher in 2016

Career choice Yes 78.9 85.4 0.018

Practice expectation satisfaction: Yes 41.4 41.8 NS

All means of transport (moving on foot, by car and public transport) were

On one hand, participants in both cohorts complained about the lack of time to practice leisure activities (90%; 80%). On the other hand, the leisure activity practicing rate has significantly doubled, between 2009 (10%) and 2016 (20%).

Both study cohorts showed no significant difference neither in smoking habit

equivalently used in both cohorts (p = 0.075) (**Table 1**).

(p = 0.07) nor in alcohol consumption (p = 0.43) (**Table 1**).


#### *Influence of Tunisian Revolution on Bullying at Work in Interns and Residents DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93847*

#### **Table 1.**

*Occupational Wellbeing*

American population.

been set at 0.05.

**3. Results**

and 39.86%.

**data of both cohorts**

between both stages of the study.

*3.1.1 Socio-demographic and occupational characteristics*

occupational characteristics in both cohorts.

services in both cohorts (**Table 1**).

*3.1.2 Environmental characteristics*

family problems (p < 10−3) (**Table 1**).

a.Family characteristics

**2.3 The statistical study**

model was a threshold of significance <0.2.

average of the last four items.

sections; and the overall mental score (MCS: Mental component score) which is the

These two scores range from 0 (the worst health state) to 100 (the more favorable state of health). The score 50 represents the average score or the standard of

The results were analyzed with the SPSS software version 21. The univariate comparative study was conducted using cross-tabulations with the chi-square test for comparison of discontinuous variables and T-student test to establish the difference in averages between both populations. Verification of the normality of both quantitative variables PCS and MCS was made. The threshold of significance has

Multi-varied analysis was performed using binary logistic regression multivaried step-by-step to identify variables that are related significantly to harassment at work, regardless of the other variables respectively in 2009 and 2016, with a risk taken at 0.05. The criterion for including independent variables in the regression

Results of both cohorts were presented in chronological order (2009/2016).

**3.1 Descriptive and comparative study of socio-professional and demographic** 

In 2009, the study was conducted among 547 participants (218 interns and 113 residents) working in Monastir and Mahdia teaching hospitals with a total response rate of 60.5%. In 2016, the study was conducted among 667 participants (215 interns and 120 residents) in the same teaching hospitals with a global response rate of 50.22%. No significant statistical difference in response rates was noticed

The respective specific response rates scheduled according to the chronological progress of the study showed that the interns response rates were about 62.8% in 2009 and 58.74% in 2016 while residents ones were respectively 50.1%

Both populations were statistically comparable in all their sociodemographic and

In addition, the participation rates of interns were higher than those of residents (62.8%/62.1%) and the majority of people interviewed were working in medical

Most of participants had no children in 2009 and 2016 Cohorts (90.9%/87.5%). However, 2016 interns and residents were significantly more plaintive about serious

**194**

*Distribution of both cohorts according to environmental and occupational characteristics.*

b.Accessibility to workplace

The daily average distance to attend workplace was statistically higher in 2016 cohort (p = 0.012).

All means of transport (moving on foot, by car and public transport) were equivalently used in both cohorts (p = 0.075) (**Table 1**).

c.Sports activities and hobbies:

On one hand, participants in both cohorts complained about the lack of time to practice leisure activities (90%; 80%). On the other hand, the leisure activity practicing rate has significantly doubled, between 2009 (10%) and 2016 (20%). (p < 10−3) (**Table 1**).

d.Alcohol-smoking habits

Both study cohorts showed no significant difference neither in smoking habit (p = 0.07) nor in alcohol consumption (p = 0.43) (**Table 1**).

e. Satisfaction with the choice of medical curriculum and expectations of the practice of Medicine

The rate of students who deliberately chose to lead a medical career has significantly increased between 2009 (78.9%) and 2016 (85.4%) (p = 0.01).

However, there was no significant difference between both cohorts in satisfaction with medical practicing expectations (**Table 1**).
