**3. Staphylococcal infections in humans**

*S. aureus* disease are normally pyogenic and severe, and if not treated, they can disperse to neighboring tissue or metastatic sites via bacteremia [2]. Several common diseases caused by *S. aureus* include furuncles or boils, cellulitis, impetigo, and post-operative wound diseases in several sites. *S. aureus* causes several skin and soft tissue disorders, including mastitis. Staphylococcal mastitis has received less attention than *S. aureus* suppurations in humans. According to estimates, 1–3% of nursing mothers suffer with mastitis. Infection usually appears two to three days after birth, with symptoms ranging from abscess formation to cellulitis development [4]. In extreme cases, general signs such as a common cold and fever may arise.

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS), and staphylococcal food poisoning are examples of staphylococcal diseases produced exclusively by the production of staphylococcal toxins. Enterotoxins are resistant to heat and may live circumstances that would normally destroy bacteria [5]. Furthermore, enterotoxins are resistant to the action of proteolytic enzymes and can remain active in the digestive tract after consumption [6, 7]. After consuming toxic food, nausea and vomiting ensue, and the incubation period is brief. Possible adverse effects include diarrhea, hypotension, and dehydration. Enterotoxin production has been found in *S. xylos*, *S. chromogenes*, *S. cohnii*, *S. pseudintermedius*, *epidermidis*, *S. lentus*, *S. lugdunensis*, *S. sciuri*, *S. saprophyticus*, *S. warneri*, and *S. hyicus*, among others [3, 6]. Approximately partial of the CNS species found to be involved for human diseases, particularly *S. epidermidis*, are often accountable for nosocomial and suppurative infections linked with prosthetic devices [8, 9]. The increased suppuration rate is related to the bacterium's ability to

#### *Antimicrobial Resistance Leading to Develop Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100169*

produce an extracellular polysaccharide. The development of the protective advantages and biofilms on bacteria is discussed in further detail below.

Joint infections, septicemia, urinary tract infections, peritonitis, infections, wound infections, and endocarditis are the second most common CNS conditions associated with human suppuration. Staphylococcus saprophyticus, another opportunistic bacterium, causes urinary tract infections in humans [2, 10].

As novel zoonotic pathogens, *S. lugdunensis* and *S. schleferi* identified. *Staphylococcus lugdunensis*, another human pathogen, has lately emerged as animal pathogen involved in respirational and skin diseases. It has previously been linked to skin infections as well as invasive diseases including osteomyelitis, endocarditis, and sepsis. *Staphylococcus schleiferi*, formerly related to skin infections in dogs, has recently been linked to human metastatic infection, endocarditis, and endophthalmitis [11, 12].
