**5. Bacterial invasion of the skin**

For as long as microorganisms that colonize the skin of importance to skin diseases and microbiology; I have been collecting our knowledge of these organisms live accurate until recently through the existing studies on the culture. Historically, it is *Staphylococcus aureus* and other *Staphylococcus aureus* negative coagulation as the primary bacterial colonies of the skin. Other microorganisms that are generally regarded as skin colonizers include coryneforms of the phylum Actinobacteria (the genera *Corynebacterium*, *Propionibacterium* and *Brevibacterium*) and the genus *Micrococcus*. Gram-negative bacteria, with the exception of some *Acinetobacter* spp., are generally not isolated from the skin, but are thought to arise in cultures owing to contamination from the gastrointestinal tract [30].

It was isolated from non-bacterial microorganisms from the skin. *Fungal species* are the most common *Malassezia* spp., which is particularly widespread in the fatty areas. Considered mite *Demodex* (such as *Demodex* follicle and *Demodex* brevis), a microscopic arthropods, part of the natural skin flora. They feed on mites *Demodex* sebum and be more prevalent after puberty, preferring to colonize the oily areas of the face. *Demodex* mites may also feed on epithelial cells lining the unit sunscreens space, or even other organisms (such as acne Brobbeoneptariom) that live in the same place. It is not the role of the experimental study of viruses, and is limited research on the molecular and microbiological methods available for the identification and characterization of viruses [31].

Historically, culture-based approach is the standard to describe the microbial diversity. It is now clear that only a minority of bacteria able to thrive in isolation [32]. Choose mainly culture-based laboratory techniques "herbs": species that thrive under conditions typical nutritional and physiological use of diagnostic microbiology laboratories. This is not necessarily the most abundant organisms in society. This bias is particularly evident when trying to isolate the organisms living in micro skin, which adapted to the nature of cold, dry and acidic environment. Moreover, the hair follicles and sebaceous glands are an oxygen-free environment and are home to the anaerobic microorganisms. Isolate the problem especially anaerobic using routine methods based on culture. These are often slow-growing organisms and require special conditions for growth and during the transfer and processing of samples [33, 34].

#### *Bacterial Skin Abscess DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91657*

The development of molecular techniques to identify and quantify microorganisms has revolutionized our view of the world Microbial. Characterization of genetic diversity of bacterial depends on the sequence of genes for RNA ribosomal 16S, found in all bacteria and analyzes antique, but not in eukaryotes. Genes rRNA contain 16S in highly variable regions of certain types, which allows the classification of classification, and the spaces reserved for the one who, operating Xaah molecular site linking the primers PCR. The emergence of new sequencing technologies (such as pyrosequencing) is to increase productivity significantly while reducing the cost of sequencing. More importantly, the living organism culture does not need to determine the sequence of its kind by 16S rRNA [35].

The skin is the largest organ in the human body, colonized by a variety of tiny, mostly harmless organisms or even beneficial to their hosts. Colonialism is the motivation behind the surface of the skin environment, which is highly variable depending on the site topography, and host factors internal factors, the external environment. The responses can be innate immune and lead to a modified adaptive skin microorganisms in the skin, but microorganisms are also working to educate the immune system. Molecular road development has led to the identification of microorganisms to see the emerging skin bacteria resident are very diverse and variable. The improved understanding of the microbes in the skin is necessary to gain insight into the involvement of microbes in human skin disorders and to enable new methods for therapeutic drugs antimicrobial and antimicrobial therapy [36].

The main barrier against microbial invasion is the skin. It interacts continuously with the external environment, a colonizer with a variety of microbes. The vast majority of plants colony consists of bacteria. To help organize the distribution of plants, one that divides the body into two halves at the waist. The usual things that colonizes the skin above the waist are usually positive types of Gram such as *Staphylococcus epidermidis*, *Corynebacterium species*, *S. aureus* and *Streptococcus pyogenes* [37].

*Staphylococcus aureus* and *Corynebacterium* spp. It is the most abundant organisms that colonize humid areas, consistent with the data culture that indicate that these organisms prefer high humidity areas. These include navel wet sites (navel), and the basement axillary, and wrinkling inguinal (side thigh) and wrinkling brigades (the upper part of the fold between the buttocks), insole foot, hole popliteal (behind the knee) and the pit antecubital (elbow inner). *Staphylococcus aureus* occupies air position on the skin and may use urea in the race as a source of nitrogen. Insect bacteria are highly sensitive organisms that have slow growth in culture, and such as the role of the skin accurate objects has been appreciated until recently. Treatment of sweat by bacteria and *Staphylococcus* (along with the minute in the basement of underarm living organisms), resulting in a transient characteristic odor associated with sweating in humans [38].

On the other hand, the typical living organisms colonize the skin below the waist Gram-positive and Gram-negative. It is expected that this will be a minor near the anal area difference. Attracted intestinal species, such as the intestinal bacteria, to this region of the skin so-called "Fecal Crust" [36].

Normal distribution pattern consists of the largest population areas in the armpit and groin and thigh, where there is moisture level higher. Microflora tend to fill the upper layer of the cornea and parts of the hair follicles. Specific microbes tend to colonize the anatomical structures based on tropical stimuli and biochemical interactions of the site and the formation of specific tissues of biological membranes. Plants can be significantly by climate group differ, genetics, age, sex, stress, hygiene, nutrition, hospitalization [37].

Skin abscess is the most common manifestations of bacterial infection. Abscess may appear in painful blocks degrade transient without medical intervention, or

in severe cases, such as large deep cysts associated with the spread of the blood stream. Although many of the bacteria, causing Gram-positive and Gram-negative cysts, but *Staphylococcus aureus*, especially MRSA associated with the community, it is the causative agent of the most common. Once configured, it can interfere with pus in the lesion Walled significantly with the activity of antibiotics to the extent this makes antibiotic treatment effective to some extent when the abscess exceeds a certain size, with the emergence of the problem of additional scarring. In the case of *EBioMedicine* [39].

Hancock and his colleagues have positive peptide targeted basically describing the formation of cysts. Developed peptides screen anti-biofilm. In the laboratory, which prevent or eliminate biofilms formed by bacteria both Gram-positive and Gram-negative. In non-vertebrate models of infection *P. aeruginosa*, boosted the survival of the host [40].

The main question that arises from the study is the relationship between the strict response and abscess formation. It was responsible for the formation mechanisms kharaj an important topic for research in this field *aureus*. While some defense mechanisms for stress, such as reducing metals and oxidative stress and nitric, appear to have a role in the ability of *S. aureus* to form abscesses, the stringent response in this context has not been clarified yet. It is likely to be the primary contact due to the direct impact of the stringent response CodY regulator. CodY has proven that it affects the severity of the disease in many animal models by changing the expression of the organizers of key, such as agr (RNAIII and RNAII) and saeR, hemolysins (hla), leukocidins (lukSF), the synthesis of the capsule (icaADBC), as well as genes that show it is important to form an abscess. Expression PSMα, which shows that it prevents installed by DJK-5, independently organized through RSH for CodY. Specific factors that regulate the formation of abscess under the strict response remains identified in *Staphylococcus aureus* and other microbes [41].

From a clinical perspective, the siege imposed on the composition of the abscess would be a useful assistant to kill pathogens. Often, infected individuals already infected a large abscess requires Tbarva surgically. For those who provide abscesses smaller or in the early stages which are not viable after discharge surgical, antibiotics are used routinely, but may not be enough to stop the progress of formation of abscess, especially if the pathogen offending is relatively resistant to antibiotics. It can be strict inhibition of the response to the formation of mass abscess useful, and will compare the use of helper inhibitors of protein synthesis inhibition in the treatment of inflammatory toxin mediated by poison. Inhibitors will be particularly useful if they also prevent chronic or recurrent cysts including cases related to chronic bacteria gold that are difficult to treat, such as inflammation of the sweat glands Almqih. Future studies will need to prove that the inhibitors are still effective when used with antibiotics effective or marginal [42].

*Other Bacteriologic characteristics*. In the monomicrobial form, the pathogens are *S. pyogenes*, *S. aureus*, *V. vulnificus*, *A. hydrophila*, and anaerobic streptococci (i.e., *Peptostreptococcus* species). Can *Staphylococcus aureus* and Streptococcus hemolytic occur simultaneously? Most injuries are obtained from the community and there in the limbs, with nearly two-thirds of cases in the lower limbs. There is often an underlying cause, such as diabetes or vascular disease, atherosclerosis or venous insufficiency with edema. Sometimes, chronic vascular ulcers turn into a more intense process. Fasciitis cases of necrotizing that arise after infection varicella or trivial injuries, such as minor scratches and insect bites, always be the result of bacteria *S. pyogenes*. The mortality rate in this group is high, where close to 50–70% in patients with low blood pressure and organ failure [43].
