**6. Clinical infections**

Staphylococci infections can be endogenous or exogenous in origin. Many infections are opportunistic and associated with other infections or the immunecompromised state of the host. Coagulase-positive staphylococci are mostly pathogenic. There are no effective vaccines against this malaise to date. Antibiotic sensitivity testing should have to be applied to check the efficacy of the drug against this bacterium. This is because many strains of this bacteria have developed resistance against many antibiotics. Common diseases of veterinary importance the Staphylococci are tick pyaemia, mastitis, botryomycosis, exudative epidermitis, and pyoderma [1].

### **6.1 Bovine mastitis**

Staphylococcal mastitis is a common form of mastitis worldwide. Most infections are subclinical, but they can be acute or chronic, per acute and gangrenous. In gangrenous mastitis, the quarter is cold and blue-black and sloughing by the alpha-toxin causing necrosis of blood vessels and releases lysosomal enzymes [2–4].

#### **6.2 Tick pyaemia**

Tick pyaemia of lambs is a disease of hill-grazing regions having the tick Ixodes ricinus. Clinical signs include septicemia and rapid death, localized abscess formation, arthritis, posterior paresis, and ill-thrift. 30% of lambs between half a month old to up to three months of age can be affected. More infections are reported in spring and early summer [4–7].

#### *6.2.1 Diagnosis, treatment and control*

In young grazing lambs, clinical signs, microscopy of pus, and isolation and identification are required. Treatment is usually ineffective so control measures should have to be applied as tetracyclines injectables to the susceptible ones. Dipping to avoid tick-control measures should have to be practiced [2–5].

#### **6.3 Exudative epidermitis (greasy-pig disease)**

This is the disease pigs that are of up to 3 months old. It is contagious, with excessive sebaceous secretion, and exfoliation of the skin. Clinical signs include anorexia, depression, fever, dermatitis with an exudate. Death may be within 2–4 days with morbidity rate to be 20 to 100%, and mortality rates can be up to 90%. Isolation and identification of this bacteria can be from the vaginal mucosa and skin. Agalactia, weaning, and intercurrent infections are the predisposing factors for this disease [1].

#### *6.3.1 Diagnosis, treatment and control*

A high mortality rate in exudative, non-pruritic skin lesions. Along with the isolation and identification of the bacteria is required for confirmatory purposes. Antibiotic therapy with antiseptics is proven to be effective in many cases. Isolation of affected pigs, cleaning, and disinfection of surroundings. Antiseptic application before farrowing is also an effective way of prevention [1–3].
