*Future Prospects of Organ Transplantation DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94367*

failure in facial transplant, approach to complications and their management were investigated. Approximately 30% of those who received a survey responded. While 93.8% of the participants stated that facial transplant failure, 91.1% mortality, and 78.8% chronic organ rejection are the points that should be discussed, the answers revealed that there is no consensus about the definition of mortality rates and facial transplantation. Also, it has been observed that even in centers with experience in facial transplantation, there are no protocols for the treatment of rejection in the chronic period [14].

The first partial facial transplant was performed in Amiens France with success. The patient was a victim of dog bite thus losing lips, nose and, central cheeks. The patient had recovered sensory and motor for a long period of time [15]. Immunosuppressive therapy complications and graft rejection, which are common problems in all organ transplants, are valid in face transplantation, and also a case diagnosed with beta-cell lymphoma and eventually developing chronic graft rejection has been reported [16]. Squamous cell carcinoma developed in the fourth case of face transplant performed by Dr. Özkan and his associates. After treatment, severe infection, respiratory failure and allograft rejection developed. Despite the removal of the graft, the patient was lost [17].

Future progress in face transplantation can be achieved with the contribution of different fields of science and technology. Naturally this holds true for the progress of other organ transplantations. These include tissue engineering, creation of functional autogenous-mucosal-cutaneous junctions, neural regeneration, 3-D printed bioresorbable scaffolds, and elimination of antigenic transplanted tissue [18]. The drawbacks of facial transplantation are the cost, relatively small number of potential recipients and only cadaveric donation.
