**8.1 Sinus lifting**

The high healing potential and ingredients of the PRFs have brought to mind the ideas of both increasing the success and shortening the healing time by using them in sinus lifting procedures. Based on these ideas, PRFs were used in sinus lifting procedures, firstly mixed with grafts and then without using grafts. In studies conducted, it has been observed that even though there are no large differences in the amount of bone tissue obtained as a result of mixing graft materials and PRFs, it accelerates the maturation and the wound healing period. In addition, using PRFs mixed with graft materials makes the manipulation of the graft material quite easy. In addition, when PRF membranes are used in sinus lifting procedures instead of other membranes, PRF membranes have been found to be an inexpensive, easy-to-manipulate membrane, so they can be used to close lateral sinus Windows (**Figure 3**). When used for closing the lateral sinus window, it speeds up the healing process and provides good protection for the Schneiderian membrane (**Figure 4**). In cases where the Schneiderian membrane is perforated, PRF membranes are used to make a healing barrier for the perforation zone [27–31].

Although PRFs have the expectation of controlling tissue inflammation with their special biological properties and providing good vascularization in bone tissue, the studies conducted have not yet shown a common understanding of their effects in the literature [27–32].

**Figure 3.** *Application of PRF as a bulk matrix for sinus lifting.*

**Figure 4.** *Application of PRF as a membrane on sinus membrane.*

### **8.2 Alveolar socket preservation**

Studies on PRF consider that the use of PRF accelerates epithelialization and vascularization so that wound healing takes place effectively and quickly. However, operations such as tooth extractions and cyst enucleations lead to bone defects after healing process. These defect areas creates esthetic and functional deficiency problems for patients. By using PRFs on healing processes, it has been thought that healing of intra-bony sockets in the alveolar area can be accelerated and bone defect formation can be reduced (**Figure 5**) [32–34].

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**Figure 5.**

*Using PRF in the extraction socket.*

*Contemporary Overview of Blood Concentrates in Oral and Maxillacial Surgery*

There are studies that believe that PRFs inserted into the sockets do not make a significant difference in preventing complications in the post-operative period, as some studies show that there is a significant decrease in the frequency of occurrence of alveolar osteitis and bone loss in patients, especially after the 3rd molar surgery. In addition, it is seen that there is no definite opinion about bone gain and remodeling in the literature. However, it is possible to say that the use of PRF improves the patient experience by reducing the frequency of complications such as pain and swelling in the post-operative period. However, its cost is very low, making it attractive to use for

The use of PRF draws attention in augmentation procedures in many fields. PRFs are used for more than one purpose in guided bone regeneration (GBR). PRFs can be used as membranes or preferred to speed up the wound healing process. Studies showed that PRF membranes are successful in closing bone defects. However, the use of PRFs as a barrier membrane in GBR processes alone creates a question. In addition, injecting PRFs into the region in liquid form or placing PRF membranes around the collagen membranes used can stimulate and accelerate soft tissue healing in the region (**Figure 6**). Besides, it can stimulate bone tissue healing. The use of PRF has the potential to increase bone vascularization in areas where GBR is performed. Also, mixing of PRFs with grafts increases the stability and manipulation potential of the grafts in augmentations (**Figures 7**–**9**) [38–41].

Marginal bone loss may occur following implantation. In order to repair or stop these bone losses, many studies have been performed over the years and different methods have been explained. The clinicians, who thought that marginal bone loss around the implant was completely caused by soft tissue quality and health, thought that PRFs, which are considered to be a very successful material when used in soft tissue augmentation, will completely stop marginal bone loss. There are also studies reporting that the use of PRF in defects around implants, the use of PRFs in flap operations and grafting procedures, yields better results than standard protocols. However, there are no definitive results in the literature regarding the effect of PRF use on hard tissue augmentation and it is stated that more studies are

Another area in which PRFs are used in relation to dental implants is their impact on implant stability. In studies conducted on this subject, the stability of the implants was measured by making early resonance frequency analyzes. In the

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93865*

post-operative socket protection [34–37].

**8.3 Alveolar ridge augmentations**

**8.4 Implants and PRF**

needed [42, 43].

*Contemporary Overview of Blood Concentrates in Oral and Maxillacial Surgery DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93865*

There are studies that believe that PRFs inserted into the sockets do not make a significant difference in preventing complications in the post-operative period, as some studies show that there is a significant decrease in the frequency of occurrence of alveolar osteitis and bone loss in patients, especially after the 3rd molar surgery. In addition, it is seen that there is no definite opinion about bone gain and remodeling in the literature. However, it is possible to say that the use of PRF improves the patient experience by reducing the frequency of complications such as pain and swelling in the post-operative period. However, its cost is very low, making it attractive to use for post-operative socket protection [34–37].

#### **8.3 Alveolar ridge augmentations**

The use of PRF draws attention in augmentation procedures in many fields. PRFs are used for more than one purpose in guided bone regeneration (GBR). PRFs can be used as membranes or preferred to speed up the wound healing process. Studies showed that PRF membranes are successful in closing bone defects. However, the use of PRFs as a barrier membrane in GBR processes alone creates a question. In addition, injecting PRFs into the region in liquid form or placing PRF membranes around the collagen membranes used can stimulate and accelerate soft tissue healing in the region (**Figure 6**). Besides, it can stimulate bone tissue healing. The use of PRF has the potential to increase bone vascularization in areas where GBR is performed. Also, mixing of PRFs with grafts increases the stability and manipulation potential of the grafts in augmentations (**Figures 7**–**9**) [38–41].

#### **8.4 Implants and PRF**

Marginal bone loss may occur following implantation. In order to repair or stop these bone losses, many studies have been performed over the years and different methods have been explained. The clinicians, who thought that marginal bone loss around the implant was completely caused by soft tissue quality and health, thought that PRFs, which are considered to be a very successful material when used in soft tissue augmentation, will completely stop marginal bone loss. There are also studies reporting that the use of PRF in defects around implants, the use of PRFs in flap operations and grafting procedures, yields better results than standard protocols. However, there are no definitive results in the literature regarding the effect of PRF use on hard tissue augmentation and it is stated that more studies are needed [42, 43].

Another area in which PRFs are used in relation to dental implants is their impact on implant stability. In studies conducted on this subject, the stability of the implants was measured by making early resonance frequency analyzes. In the

**Figure 5.** *Using PRF in the extraction socket.*

**Figure 6.** *PRF membranes on the particulated xenografts grafts.*

**Figure 7.** *PRF with bone graft.*

studies conducted, it is generally believed that the use of PRF increases the ISQ values of the implants in the early healing period [44–46].

Thanks to the cytokines it contains, it can be used to control inflammation in the inflammatory conditions around the implant as well as in the sockets. Besides, PRFs can be useful in increasing gingival quality and peri-implant periodontal tissue regeneration processes [44–46].

PRFs can be useful in immediate implantation situations where implantation will be performed immediately after extraction. The most important reason for this

**69**

**Figure 9.**

**Figure 8.**

*Alveolar ridge augmentation.*

(**Figures 10**–**13**) [47, 48].

*Grafted area on the CBCCT after 6 months of application.*

*Contemporary Overview of Blood Concentrates in Oral and Maxillacial Surgery*

are the growth factors and cytokines. Thanks to these substances, it will create a high healing potential. In addition, the gaps between the implant and the bone wall can be filled using PRF in immediate implantations. This can only be done by using PRF or by mixing PRF and bone graft materials. However, in cases using collagen membranes, the potential for soft tissue healing can be increased by using PRF

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93865*

*Contemporary Overview of Blood Concentrates in Oral and Maxillacial Surgery DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93865*

**Figure 8.** *Alveolar ridge augmentation.*

#### **Figure 9.**

*Grafted area on the CBCCT after 6 months of application.*

are the growth factors and cytokines. Thanks to these substances, it will create a high healing potential. In addition, the gaps between the implant and the bone wall can be filled using PRF in immediate implantations. This can only be done by using PRF or by mixing PRF and bone graft materials. However, in cases using collagen membranes, the potential for soft tissue healing can be increased by using PRF (**Figures 10**–**13**) [47, 48].

**Figure 10.** *Deficient bone around implant.*

**Figure 11.** *Titanium mesh application for GBR.*
