**4.1 Wassmund 1927**

Based on:

	- i. Vertical neck fractures secondary to shearing
	- ii. Transverse neck fractures secondary to bending
	- iii. Oblique neck fractures caused by a combination/bending [6]

#### **4.2 Wassmund 1934**

Based on dislocated fractures of the condyle:


Type III: no bony contact with severe medial displacement [6].

### **4.3 Lindahl 1977**

Based on the fracture location, deviation, and/or displacement and position of the condylar head within the articulating fossa:


**123**

ramus.

*Diagnosis and Management of Mandibular Condyle Fractures*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93795*

2.Deviation and displacement

**Figure 4.**

*Lindahl classification.*

d.No deviation or displacement

a.Absence of dislocation

c.Moderate dislocation

4.Condylar head fracture

c.Compression fracture [6]

capsule of the temporomandibular joint

This Classification described "Line A," which is a perpendicular line that extends from the deepest part of the coronoid notch to the posterior border of mandibular

• Diacapitular fracture: involves the articular surface and may extend outside the

• Condylar neck: more than half of the fracture line is above line A

a.Horizontal

b.Vertical

**4.4 Loukota 2005**

d.Complete or severe dislocation

b.Mild dislocation

3.Relation between condylar head and fossa

a.Medial overlapping with bending or deviation

b.Lateral overlapping with bending or deviation

c.No overlapping with bending or displacement

	- a.Condylar head
	- b.Condylar neck
	- c.Sub condylar/condylar base

*Diagnosis and Management of Mandibular Condyle Fractures DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93795*

**Figure 4.** *Lindahl classification.*

*Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery*

The fracture of condyle following trauma to the chin is an example of contrecoup injury. This is commonly found in soldiers who remain standing for a long

Numerous classifications of condylar fractures are found in literature based on

time and hence referred to as Parade ground/Guardsman fracture**.**

i. Vertical neck fractures secondary to shearing ii. Transverse neck fractures secondary to bending

Based on dislocated fractures of the condyle:

the condylar head.

of the condylar head.

the condylar head within the articulating fossa:

posterior border of the mandible.

condylar process.

1.Fracture level

a.Condylar head

b.Condylar neck

dibular joint (**Figure 4**)

c.Sub condylar/condylar base

iii. Oblique neck fractures caused by a combination/bending [6]

Type III: no bony contact with severe medial displacement [6].

Type I: bony contact between the fractured fragments with 10–40° angulation of

Type II: bony contact between the fractured fragments with 50–90° angulation

Based on the fracture location, deviation, and/or displacement and position of

• Condylar neck fracture: fracture located below the level of condylar head at the

• Condylar head fracture: fracture enclosed by the capsule of the temporoman-

• Sub condylar fracture: fracture line extends from the sigmoid notch to the

**4. Classification of condylar fractures**

clinical and radiographic features.

a.Comminuted head fractures

c.Condylar neck fractures

**4.1 Wassmund 1927**

b.Chip fractures

**4.2 Wassmund 1934**

**4.3 Lindahl 1977**

Based on:

**122**

	- a.Medial overlapping with bending or deviation
	- b.Lateral overlapping with bending or deviation
	- c.No overlapping with bending or displacement
	- d.No deviation or displacement
	- a.Absence of dislocation
	- b.Mild dislocation
	- c.Moderate dislocation
	- d.Complete or severe dislocation
	- a.Horizontal
	- b.Vertical
	- c.Compression fracture [6]
