**4.7 Ying 2017**

Classification of condylar head fracture based on vertical height of the ramus and disc displacement:


**125**

**Figure 5.**

*Ipsilateral open bite.*

*Diagnosis and Management of Mandibular Condyle Fractures*

due to the pull of lateral pterygoid and weak medial capsule.

the violent impact of condyle on the skin).

• Hematoma surrounding the fractured condyle

• Hematoma in the mastoid region called the Battle's sign

• Deviation of mandible toward the side of fracture

side while mouth opening.

of condylar head can be observed once the edema subsides.

Condyle fractures are diagnosed with the help of both clinical and radiological assessment. Condylar fractures are most commonly missed on clinical examination. Extracapsular condylar fractures are frequent and may be associated with displacement of the condylar head. The condylar head may be in contact with the ramus or can be displaced laterally or medially. Anteromedial displacement is more common

• Swelling over the temporomandibular joint, may be associated with hemorrhage from the external ear (due to laceration of external acoustic meatus by

• Proper examination with an autoscope/auriscope is essential to differentiate bleeding from external auditory canal and middle ear. Temporal bone may be

• If the condylar head is displaced medially, characteristic hollow in the region

• Decreased range of movements, pain and deviation toward the contra-lateral

• Gagging of occlusion on the ipsilateral side due to telescoping of fracture fragments on the contralateral side due to contraction of the masseter, temporalis and medial pterygoid and upward pull of the ramal segment (**Figure 5**)

• Ear bleed will persist if the head of the condyle is impacted in the glenoid

accompanied by cerebrospinal fluid leak which is termed as otorrhea.

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93795*

**5. Clinical examination**

**5.1 On inspection**

fossa.

a.Unilateral condylar fracture:
