**1. Introduction**

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder in which blood glucose levels upsurge more than normal. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) contributes to the majority of diabetes cases accounting for more than 90% of them. An imbalance of insulin supply and demand results in type 2 diabetes [1]. Decrease in insulin sensitivity accompanied by deficiency of insulin are the two primary pathogenetic defects underlying type 2 diabetes and together explain 85–90% of diabetes [2]. Long term diabetes instigates vascular diseases affecting almost all blood vessels of the body, which further results in increased morbidity and mortality in diabetic populations. Among well-known risk factors of diabetes, non-changeable factors include genetics, age and ethnicity while others are changeable, for example physical activity, adiposity, environmental exposures and diet, via combination of treatment at both individual as well as population level [3]. Type 2 diabetes is frequently seen in older adults, but now-a-days, may be, as a result of increasing physical inactivity, obesity and/or the absence of healthy diet it is also being seen increasingly among children, teenagers and younger adults. Diabetes is globally affecting 425 million people or 8.8% of adult population. By 2045, diabetes is projected to affect about 629 million of adult population in the world [3].

India, now-a-days, is becoming the diabetes capital of the world with estimated prevalence of diabetes as 7.3% and that of pre-diabetes as 10.3% [4]. In the current report (2017), 72.9 million Indians were suffering from diabetes and this is expected to rise to 134.3 million by the year 2045 [3]. Prolonged hyperglycemia is the foremost cause of kidney disease, cardiovascular disorders, retinopathy and neuropathy [5], which are the main vascular complications of diabetes.
