Contents



**III**

**Chapter 16 371**

Machine Learning and Cyber Systems for Diabetes **385**

**Chapter 17 387**

**Chapter 18 407**

Selecting Intermittent Fasting Type to Improve Health in Type 2 Diabetes:

Integrated Cyber-Physical System to Support Early Diagnosis and Prevention of Prediabetes and Complications of Type 2 Diabetes

Therapeutic Effect of Folate and Cobalamin in Diabetics

*by Farah Qudsia and Samreen Riaz*

A Machine Learning Approach

*by Shula Shazman*

*by Zsolt P. Ori*

**Section 5**


**II**

**Section 3**

Modifications

Diabetes Complications **169**

**Chapter 7 171**

**Chapter 8 197**

**Chapter 9 223**

**Chapter 10 249**

**Chapter 11 277**

**Chapter 12 295**

Lifestyle and Diabetes - Nutritional Intervention **307**

**Chapter 13 309**

**Chapter 14 323**

**Chapter 15 343**

Diabetes Microvascular Complications: An Overview of Epigenetic

Predicting Type 2 Diabetes Complications and Personalising Patient

The Role of Gender in the Onset, Development and Impact of Type 2

Microvascular Complications of Diabetes Mellitus: Focus on Diabetic

*by Ana Maria Dascalu, Dragos Serban, Nikolaos Papanas, Peter Kempler, Manfredi Rizzo, Daniela Stana, Gabriela Roman and Anca Pantea Stoian*

*by Féaron C. Cassidy, Sinead Lafferty and Cynthia M. Coleman*

*by Neerja Aggarwal and Pawan Kumar Kare*

Using Artificial Intelligence Methodology

Diabetes Mellitus and Its Co-Morbidities

*by Gabriela Roman and Anca Pantea Stoian*

*by Sultana Ferdousi and Phurpa Gyeltshen*

Complementary and Alternative Medicine

and Heart Rate Variability

*by Dabota Yvonne Buowari*

*by Jameela Banu*

*and Carmen Sanz*

Diabetes

**Section 4**

Retinopathy (DR) and Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU)

Cardiovascular Risk/Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy

The Role of Lifestyle Medicine in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus

Nutritional Interventions: Diet Modifications, Nutritional Supplements,

Role of Nutrient and Energy Sensors in the Development of Type 2

*by Verónica Hurtado-Carneiro, Ana Pérez-García, Elvira Álvarez* 

*by Leila Yousefi and Allan Tucker*

Preface

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most known non-communicable diseases. It is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic high blood glucose levels. There are many types of diabetes, such as prediabetes, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and

Nowadays, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing annually, driven by

The central symptom of diabetes is chronic hyperglycemia, which can cause serious complications. Therefore, understanding the pathophysiology of diabetes as well as related diagnostic, prevention, and treatment methods is essential for diabetes

This book presents a novel approach to preventing and treating type 2 diabetes. Chapters cover such topics as diagnosis, pathogenesis, management, lifestyle and nutritional intervention, and systems to support early diagnosis and prevention of

**Anca Pantea Stoian**

"Carol Davila" University, Bucharest, Romania

Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Department,

gestational diabetes, with type 2 being the most common.

obesity, aging, sedentarism, and many other factors.

management.

prediabetes.
