**Table 1.**

*Evolution in leukemia diagnosis.*

In 1930, Dr. Gloor from the Naegeli's clinic in Zurich [3], described "*the case of an American businessman*" whose white blood cell count reached 100x109 /L, with fever and anemia, a classical presentation of AL [2, 3]. He received radiation, arsenic, and mesothorium, and blood transfusion, achieving complete remission. Curiously (and possibly dramatically), when Dr. Gloor tried to publish this first successfully treated AL case, he lost his job and was outcasted in a small clinic in a peripheral canton, only a "fool or a knave" [2] possibly believing to cure AL. The patient, Eugene Metzger, died fifty years later, at the age of 102, in New York. Noteworthy, arsenic is nowadays a pillar of acute promyelocytic leukemia treatment, as established by Francesco Lo Coco and Colleagues [4]. A grapping hypothesis suggests that the curative effect might be due to the blood transfusion, acting as the first stem cell transplant, rather than on anti-leukemic agents only.
