Preface

Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular events, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality. The earlier in life dyslipidemia is treated, the better the prognosis. Treatment of dyslipidemia should follow the recommendations of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology lipid guidelines published in Circulation 2019; 139: e1046-e1081, and the recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society published in the European Heart Journal 2020; 41: 111-188.

The current book is an excellent one on dyslipidemia written by experts on this topic. This book includes 12 chapters including 5 on lipids, 4 on hypercholesterolemia in children, and 3 on the treatment of dyslipidemia. This book should be read by all health care professionals taking care of patients, including pediatricians since atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease begins in childhood.

I would like to thank all the contributors to this book for their excellent chapters. I would also like to thank Jasna Božić, the author service manager from IntechOpen, for her excellent assistance in editing this book.

**II**

**Chapter 7 97**

**Chapter 8 109**

**Chapter 9 119**

Treatment of Dyslipidemia **129**

**Chapter 10 131**

**Chapter 11 143**

**Chapter 12 155**

Changes in Atherosclerotic Plaque Composition with Anti-Lipid Therapy

Effect of Tomato Juice Supplements Consumption on the Lipid Profile

Utility and Appropriate Use of PCSK9 Inhibitors in the Current Era

as Detected by Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography

*by Drew Thomas, Darma Marcelin and Shone Almeida*

*by Aniruddha Singh, Travis Huffman and Megan Smith*

Arterial Stiffness Assessment in Children with Familial

*Zulfiia Khabibrakhmanova and Natalya Guseva*

*Zulfiia Khabibrakhmanova and Natalya Guseva*

Dyslipidaemia in African Children and Adolescents

Statins for Children with Familial Hypercholesterolemia *by Dinara Sadykova, Liliia Galimova, Evgeniia Slastnikova,* 

*by Dinara Sadykova, Liliia Galimova, Evgeniia Slastnikova,* 

Hypercholesterolemia

**Section 3**

*by Sugini*

*by Bose Etaniamhe Orimadegun*

of Dyslipidemia Patients

**Wilbert S. Aronow, MD, FACC, FAHA, FASPC, FACP** Professor of Medicine and Director of Cardiology Research, Department of Cardiology, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA

**1**

Section 1

Lipids

Section 1 Lipids

**3**

**Chapter 1**

**Abstract**

prevention.

**1. Introduction**

lipid-lowering therapies, lipoproteins

Dyslipidemia: Current

for Clinical Practice

*and Sanja Zoričić Cvek*

Perspectives and Implications

*Sanja Klobučar Majanović, Olga Cvijanović Peloza,* 

*Dijana Detel, Gordana Kenđel Jovanović, Miro Bakula,* 

*Dario Rahelic, Tea Čaljkušić Mance, Tamara Šoić Vranić* 

Dyslipidemia refers to a broad spectrum of various genetic and acquired disorders that affect blood lipid levels and largely contribute to global cardiovascular disease burden. Consistent evidence from epidemiological and clinical studies, supports the key role of the circulating LDL-cholesterol and other apoB containing lipoproteins in atherogenesis. All ApoB-containing lipoproteins with size less than 70 nm can cross the endothelial barrier, particularly in the presence of endothelial dysfunction. Uptake and accumulation of apoB-containing lipoproteins in the arterial wall is a critical initiating event in the development of atherosclerosis. Statin treatment, targeting LDL cholesterol reduction, remains the cornerstone of dyslipidemia management. There are abundant data supporting the concept of 'the lower LDL-C, the better' in the primary and secondary cardiovascular disease prevention. This chapter provides an overview of the key insights into the lipid abnormalities associated with an increased risk of CV events particulary in the context of dyslipidemia management in everyday clinical practice. Understanding the important role that metabolic derangements play in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis pave the way for stronger implementation of current guidelines for CVD risk assessment and

**Keywords:** atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease,

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a major cause of global mortality and rising health care costs worldwide. CVD burden is predominantly attributable to modifiable behavioral and metabolic risk factors with dyslipidemia being one of them [1, 2]. Dyslipidemia is a term that encompasses a broad spectrum of various genetic and acquired disorders that affect blood lipid levels. This chapter provides an overview of the key insights into the lipid abnormalities associated with an increased risk of CV events particularly in the context of dyslipidemia management in everyday clinical practice. Understanding the important role that **Chapter 1**
