Preface

Pain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli. The International Association for the Study of Pain defines pain as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage." In medical diagnosis, pain is regarded as a symptom of an underlying condition. Pain is the most common reason for any individual to reach out for medical support. It is a major symptom in several medical conditions and can interfere with a person's quality of life and general functioning. As such, prevention and management of pain are of paramount importance in remedying any disease.

Pain is part of our lives; it makes us alert, and it is a "signal for danger." However, when pain extends far beyond the healing period, it becomes an independent medical entity known as chronic pain. This book brings new perspectives on pain, particularly the management of pain. It examines the pain from biochemical, pharmaceutical, and clinical angles.

We would like to take this opportunity to thank the authors who have contributed so many wonderful chapters to this book. In addition, our heartfelt appreciation goes to IntechOpen and Author Service Manager Ms. Sandra Maljavac, who supported us throughout the creation and publication of this volume.

This book will be of value to academics conducting pain research in all its complexity, as it contains updated and current content. We have no doubt that readers will find these fresh points of view insightful and astute in moving forward the existing knowledge on pain.

> **Dr. Viduranga Waisundara** Australian College of Business and Technology – Kandy Campus, Sri Lanka

> > **Dr. Ines Banjari** Associate Professor, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Osijek, Croatia

**Dr. Jelena Balkic** University Hospital Osijek, Croatia

**II**

**Chapter 9 125**

**Chapter 10 139**

Pharmaceuticals and Bioactives for Pain Management **159**

**Chapter 11 161**

**Chapter 12 203**

**Chapter 13 217**

**Chapter 14 235**

**Chapter 15 257**

**Chapter 16 271**

Nutraceutical Alternatives to Pharmaceutical Analgesics in Osteoarthritis

The Role of Cupping Therapy in Pain Management: A Literature Review

Multimodal Pharmacological Analgesia in Pain Management

Perceptions of Women toward Non-Pharmacological Methods

Supporting Communication Vulnerable Children to Communicate

*by Teketel Ermias Geltore and Abiy Tadesse Angelo*

*by Shane M. Heffernan and Gillian E. Conway*

*by Antonella Paladini and Giustino Varrassi*

*by Asma Al-Shidhani and Abdulaziz Al-Mahrezi*

*by Coti Phillips, Edwin Contreras and Jessica Oswald*

Analgesic Potential of Monoterpenes from Citrus Essential Oils *by Ines Banjari, Jelena Balkić and Viduranga Yashasvi Waisundara*

for Pain Relief during Labor

Their Pain *by Ensa Johnson*

**Section 3**

Analgesics *by Mihai Botea*

NSAIDs, Opioids, and Beyond

**1**

Section 1

Pain Management -

Updates
