Pain Management - Updates

**3**

**Chapter 1**

*Srini Chary*

**Abstract**

Pain Management?

family centered approach, useful to the community.

molecular biology, interventions

**1. Introduction**

around the world.

**Keywords:** pain taxonomy, genetics, epigenetic effects, biopsychosocial,

As a care provider, we must consider up to date pain management skills beneficial to individual patient. Valuing, dignity and hope along with better therapeutic relationship with the patient, allows us to return home happier at the end of the day. Relief of pain is not effective; health care professionals feel uncomfortable and complain

In 1967, the world's first purpose-built, St Christopher's Hospice in south London, England by Dame Cicely Saunders, who was a nurse, social worker and became a physician for "end of life care and clinical research" in the United Kingdom. Dr. Robert Twycross and from Canada Dr. Balfour Mount had worked with Dame Cicely Saunders and Dr. Mount came up with a term "Palliative Care"

in 1973 which within a short time, the entire world accepted.

What Do We Need to Consider for

Chronic pain in palliative care is viewed as an illness but remains as a subjective

symptom. Hence, we must consider genetics, pain experience, coping skills, epigenetic effects, mental health, social determinants of health, interventions, and molecular biology. Acute pain transitions to chronic pain in some individuals following an injury, and there is poor evidence to stop such change. Acute, Chronic, and mixed pain can occur in patients with trauma, cancer, organ failure due to primary illness and other co-morbidities. The response to interventions may include biopsychosocial, non-pharmacological, surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, interventional radiology, pharmacological and depending upon survivorship, consider what is appropriate with peer reviewed medical evidence. Neurobiology is important in relation to physical and psychological issues; it affects an expression of pain. Manageable pain and relief are considered as being Human Right. Lack of adequate knowledge and treatment resources are common for care providers and patients. Cancer and noncancer pain ought to consider collaborating with interdisciplinary palliative approach, palliative care, and end of life care along with acute, chronic, and mixed pain management. Cancer patients with survivorship is increasing and risk management with chemicals, noncancer individuals appear similar. Barriers include health professional education, lack of treatment resources, medical, economic, ethical, and legal reasons. Pain management as an illness, care providers considers patient and
