**Acknowledgements**

I wish to acknowledge and thank Dr. Neil Hagen, Dr. Alexander (John) Clark and Dr. Christopher Spanswick with whom I did learn and practice pain management in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Thanks to Dr. Pippa Hawley, she allowed me to use the "Bow Tie Model" figure, in this chapter.

I wish to thank International Association for the Study of Pain, Canadian Pain Society, American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Care, Canadian Society of Palliative Care Physicians, and Pallium Foundation of Canada.
