**10. References**


available as cardiac arrest in these patients is not uncommon24 when sedation is given for

Although cardiologists do give sedation for certain procedures but another person with ability to resuscitate the patient should be available in cath lab. Laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is well tolerated by most of the patients but those patients who can develop airway obstruction (Down's syndrome) during procedure should be intubated before the start of procedure. Intubation should also be done on those patients who need TEE. Anaesthesiologist has to be very careful during TEE manipulation. High doses of analgesia are not required and only local anaesthesia infiltration at access site is

the procedure.

sufficient.

**9. Complications** 

1. Arrhythmias

3. Hypothermia

5. Bleeding

7. Tamponade

**10. References** 

8.

4. Vascular damage at access site

2002;5(1):15-24.

*Anaesth*;21(5):609-14.

2007;26(11):931-42.

6. Congestive heart failure

Expected complications during the procedure include

a. Mechanical reasons, electrolyte disturbance and hypercarbia

given for electrophysiological studies to minimize arrhythmias.

2. Brachial plexus neuropathy due to stretching of nerve plexus during positioning

Use of ionotropes and vasopressors should be intentionally reduced, when anaesthesia is

[1] Mohindra R, Beebe DS, Belani KG. Anaesthetic management of patients with

[2] Doherty C, Holtby H. Pediatric cardiac anesthesia in the developing world. *Paediatr* 

[3] Poortmans G. Anaesthesia for children with congenital heart disease undergoing

[4] Frascaroli G, Fuca A, Buda S, Gargiulo G, Pace C. [Anesthesia for non-cardiac surgery in children with congenital heart diseases]. *Minerva Anestesiol* 2003;69(5):460-7. [5] Odegard KC, DiNardo JA, Kussman BD, Shukla A, Harrington J, Casta A, et al. The

[7] Cannesson M, Piriou V, Neidecker J, Lehot JJ. [Anaesthesia for non cardiac surgery in

disease undergoing cardiac surgery. *Anesth Analg* 2007;105(2):335-43.

[6] Seal R. Adult congenital heart disease. *Paediatr Anaesth*;21(5):615-22.

congenital heart disease presenting for non-cardiac surgery. *Ann Card Anaesth*

diagnostic and interventional procedures. *Curr Opin Anaesthesiol* 2004;17(4):335-

frequency of anesthesia-related cardiac arrests in patients with congenital heart

patients with grown-up congenital heart disease]. *Ann Fr Anesth Reanim*


[24] Ramamoorthy C, Haberkern CM, Bhananker SM, Domino KB, Posner KL, Campos JS, et al. Anesthesia-related cardiac arrest in children with heart disease: data from the Pediatric Perioperative Cardiac Arrest (POCA) registry. *Anesth Analg*;110(5):1376-82.
