Meet the editors

Dr Jagannathan Thirumalai received his Ph.D. from Alagappa University, Karaikudi in 2010. He was also awarded the Post-doctoral Fellowship from Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Republic of Korea, in 2013. He worked as Assistant Professor in physics at the B.S. Abdur Rahman University, Chennai, India (2011 to 2016). Currently, he is working as Assistant Professor & Head of the physics department, SAS-

TRA Deemed University, Kumbakonam (T. N.), India. His research interests focus on luminescence, self-assembled nanomaterials, and thin film opto-electronic devices. He has published more than 50 SCOPUS/ISI indexed papers and 8 book chapters and is a member of several national and international societies like RSC, OSA, etc. He has edited two books with IntechOpen publishers. He served as a principal investigator for a funded project on the application of luminescence-based thin film opto-electronic devices, funded by the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), India. As an expert in opto-electronics and nanotechnology area, he has been invited as an external and internal examiner to MSc and PhD theses, invited to talk in some forums, and review papers for international and national journals.

Sergey Ivanovich Pokutnyi is a professor of theoretical physics, doctor of physical and mathematical sciences at the Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv. His current research interests are theoretical quantum optics and theoretical optical spectroscopy of nanosystems (electron, exciton, and biexciton states); theory of condensed matter (theory of excitons in nanosystems, theory of

local electron states in nanosystems, theory of transfer energy electron excitation states in nanosystems); nanophotonics; nanosystems (search for nanoheterostructures consisting of quantum dots, which could be used to create optical nanolasers working on exciton junctions at room transitions; strongly absorbing light nanostructures containing dielectric, semiconductor quantum dots); and magnetoelectro-optical nanoheterosystems emitting electromagnetic waves in the spectrum of terahertz frequencies.

Contents

*by Jagannathan Thirumalai*

Excitons in Two-Dimensional Materials *by Xiaoyang Zheng and Xian Zhang*

Low-Dimensional Semiconductors

Chalcogenide Semiconductor

*by Mohsin Ganaie and Mohammad Zulfequar*

*by Luca Fasolo, Angelo Greco and Emanuele Enrico*

Parametric Amplification: A Review

*by Anca Armășelu*

and NiO Nanosheets

*and Serafettin Demic*

Simulation

**Preface XI**

**Chapter 1 1**

**Chapter 2 11**

**Chapter 3 41**

**Chapter 4 55**

**Chapter 5 75**

**Chapter 6 95**

**Chapter 7 115**

**Chapter 8 139**

Introductory Chapter: The Testimony of Condensed Matter Physics -

Recent Advancement on the Excitonic and Biexcitonic Properties of

Study of Morphological, Electrical and Optical behaviour of Amorphous

Superconducting Josephson-Based Metamaterials for Quantum- Limited

Mini Review: Recent Green Advances on the Preparation of V2O5, ZnO,

*by Daniel Likius, Ateeq Rahman, Elise Shilongo and Veikko Uahengo*

Applications of Graphene Modified by Self-Assembled Monolayers

Indenter Shape Dependent Dislocation Actives and Stress Distributions of Single Crystal Nickel during Nanoindentation: A Molecular Dynamics

*by Gulsum Ersu, Yenal Gokpek, Mustafa Can, Ceylan Zafer* 

*by Wen-Ping Wu, Yun-Li Li and Zhennan Zhang*

A Viewpoint on the Achievements and Their Applications

## Contents



Preface

Our daily lives are in the reign of technology anew. The thirst towards innovation, speed, and miniaturization demands micro and macro structural understanding of materials. Nano science forms a prominent experimental focus in biological systems, chemical sensing, and photonics. Apart from regular solids; superconductors, liquid crystals, soft polymers, and non-equilibrium materials are finding their applications in various fields. The advances in theory are almost confronted in experiments. Thus the need to comprehend the conventional and contemporary information. Hence condensed matter and material science research, which includes thermal, elastic, optical, electrical, and magnetic properties of solid and liquid substances, has

The rise of matter from an interaction of a large number of atoms and electrons is deciphered in depth. Even the fundamental particles lead to complex behaviors in systems consisting of particles. Advancement in the quantum realm proffers deep knowledge over structure, transport, and utility of solids at the atomic and electronic levels. Some of the experimentally revolutionizing ideas include the Josephson effect, integer and fractional quantum Hall effect, Aharanov-Bohm effect, mesoscopic physics, dissipative quantum physics, high temperature super conductors, and non-linear dynamics. Topological phases of matter, strongly correlated spin-orbit coupled systems, spin liquids and other magnetic systems are some of the quantum streams under exploration. Some outcomes of this knowledge prove some correct and others add on to the conventional material science. Constant review and update is required in such a vibrant field of science to avoid chaos in understanding. This book serves this purpose in a

This book consists of ten chapters that are presenting concepts, perspectives, characteristic properties, and its prospects. This book signifies the introduction of the viewpoint on the achievements and their applications, excitons in twodimensional materials, the excitonic and biexcitonic properties of low dimensional semiconductors, deliberations on electrical and optical behavior of amorphous semiconductor, superconducting Josephson-based metamaterials for quantum limited parametric applications, nanocarbon polymer composites, graphene modified by self-assembled monolayers, molecular dynamics simulation, G-Jitter effects, and compact source of terahertz radiation based on an open corrugated

provoked such a high impact in recent years.

systematic way.

waveguide.
