*3.3.1.2 Great trochanter (GT)*

Identification of the tip of the GT and its anterior and posterior edges is essential and easily felt. The anterolateral portal (AL) and the posterolateral portal (PL) are located 1 cm proximal and anterior or posterior to the tip of the GT, respectively. The

#### **Figure 5.**

*Landmarks and main portal used in hip arthroscopy: PL, posterolateral portal; AL, anterolateral portal; AP, anterior portal; FA, common femoral artery; FN, femoral nerve.*

**29**

**Figure 6.**

*iliac spine (ASIS).*

*Femoroacetabular Impingement: Anatomy and Pathogenesis*

anterior portal (AP) is located at the intersection of a transverse line passing through the AL and PL portals and a sagittal line drawn distally from the ASIS [13, 14].

The muscles crossed during hip arthroscopy for a FAI are [14, 15]:

• The AP crosses the sartorius and then the rectus femoris. A more recent

interpretation of AP is described as 1 cm laterally compared to the first marker, and it crosses tensor fascia latae before intersecting the interval between the

• The AL portal crosses superficially the gluteal fascia at its junction with tensor fascia latae before deepening through the fibers of the gluteus medius muscle.

• The PL portal crosses the gluteal fascia and the gluteus medius; medially to the GT, it passes anterosuperiorly to the piriformis tendon before entering the

The vascular structures that need attention in hip surgery in general and in hip arthroscopy in particular are essentially the common femoral artery (CFA) and its two terminal branches, the profunda femoris artery (PFA) and the superficial femoral artery, (SFA) as well as three lateral branches, which are the circumflex superficial iliac artery (CSIA), the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA), and

*Vessels to be considered in hip arthroscopy. (1) External iliac artery (EIA); (2) common femoral artery (CFA); (3) profunda femoris artery (PFA); (4) superior femoral artery (SFA); (5) medial circumflex femoral artery (MCFA); (6) lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA), ascending branch; (7) LCFA, transverse branch; (8) LCFA, descending branch; (9) circumflex superior iliac artery (CSIA); (10) anterior superior* 

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90296*

gluteus minimus and rectus femoris.

lateral capsule in its posterior aspect.

the medial circumflex femoral artery (MCFA) (**Figure 6**).

*3.3.2 Neurovascular structures*

*3.3.1.3 Muscles*

anterior portal (AP) is located at the intersection of a transverse line passing through the AL and PL portals and a sagittal line drawn distally from the ASIS [13, 14].
