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229


**15** 

*USA* 

**Clinical Management of Atopic Dermatitis** 

*Florida A&M University College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences* 

Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory, pruritic skin disorder. It is a chronic disease with often relapse. Several factors including genetic predisposition, allergies to specific foods, irritant chemicals, and aeroallergens are thought to be the cause of AD. Diagnosis is difficult, and often occurs after ruling out other disorders with a clinical

Atopic Dermatitis is a chronic relapsing inflammatory condition of the skin that occurs most frequently in childhood and may spontaneously resolve or continue throughout a person's life span leading to lifelong sensitivity to irritants and allergens (Habif, 2008). It occurs as a result of several interrelated factors including genetic, immunologic and environmental issues, which ultimately cause a disruption in the epidermal barrier function leading to the development of dry, pruritic skin. The itching can be severe lasting throughout the day and worsening at night, which can lead to sleep disruptions and dramatically reduce the patients' quality of life (Bieber, 2008). Episodes of AD can be triggered by events such as psychological stress, exposure to irritants and allergens or as a result of seasonal or climate changes (Habif, 2008). Additionally, patients with AD are at an increased risk of developing infections especially due to *Staphylococcus Aureus* and Herpes Simplex Virus, asthma and

Over the past several decades' industrialized nations have seen a dramatic rise in the incidence of AD (Ghazvini, et al. 2010). This disease occurs primarily in childhood affecting 15-30% of children and 2-10% of adults. It most frequently begins in early childhood with 45% of cases occurring within the first six months of life and 85% of cases diagnosed within

The pathophysiological mechanism of AD is multifactorial involving genetic, structural and immunological elements. The hallmark characteristic of AD is epidermal barrier dysfunction.

**1. Introduction** 

**2. Definition** 

allergic rhinitis (Bieber, 2008).

the first five years (Bieber, 2008).

**4. Pathophysiology** 

**3. Epidemiology** 

presentation resembling atopic dermatitis.

Soheyla Mahdavian, Patty Ghazvini, Luis Pagan,

Angela Singh and Todd Woodard

