**2.3 Clinical methods**

*Clinical Implementation of Bone Regeneration and Maintenance*

of inclusion and exclusion. Patients of this study were divided into two groups, namely, ultrasound and control; each patient received one dental implant to replace single missing maxillary first or second premolar teeth. In the first trial group (ultrasound), the ultrasound therapy was applied twice a week for 20 minutes that commenced 2 weeks after stage I implant surgery and continued for 10 weeks. At 2 months, uncovery and placement of gingival former for 10 days were carried on for all patients in both groups (ultrasound and control), then the impression taking was done for all patients, and installation of screw-retained porcelain to fused crown was performed 2 weeks later after the impression was taken. The same ultrasound therapy protocol was repeated 2 weeks after the crown installation for another 10 weeks. In the control group, patients were not subjected to application of ultrasound

therapy. Clinical data collections composed of measurements of resonance frequency analysis (RFA) values using Osstell ISQ device and linear measurements of different variables using CBCT images taken immediately after the placement of the implant and during follow-up clinical examinations at 3 and 6 months postoperatively.

**10**

**2.2 Flowchart**
