**6. Conclusion**

Due to growing interest in the human microbiome and rapid development of diagnostic technologies, the taxonomy of the gut microbiota in various diseases and disorders of the brain is quickly accumulating. Most researchers are coming to a common understanding of the importance of the communication between the human microbiome and the brain and are investigating binding small molecules as biomarkers and pathophysiological effects. Soon, the significance of particular microbial metabolites in the human metabolome will be evaluated in more detail. Figuratively speaking, this will allow us to master the "language" of the "dialogue" between the microbiome and the brain. Already, many researchers would like to consider the gut microbiota as a new therapeutic target, including for the treatment of brain diseases, stroke prevention, reduction of neuroinflammation and more successful neurorehabilitation of patients.

*Human Microbiome*
