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**1. Introduction**

**Chapter 6**

**Abstract**

Bowel Disease?

*and Adrian Paul Suceveanu*

literature concerning the efficacy of FMT in IBDs.

**Keywords:** inflammatory bowel disease, microbiota, fecal transplant

The current manuscript represents an overview of literature reflecting the concern of gastroenterology physicians regarding the usefulness of fecal microbiota transplant as an appropriate and successful therapy in difficult to treat IBD patients. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a relapsing, remitting, and chronic disease that causes significant morbidity. The etiology of IBD is still unclear. The phenotype, the progression, and their development are multifactorial with environment and genetics. Nowadays, studies are confirming that the microbial influence in the

*Andra-Iulia Suceveanu, Andrada Dumitru,* 

*Marilena Musat, Claudia Voinea, Felix Voinea,* 

*Irinel Parepa, Anca Pantea Stoian, Laura Mazilu* 

Is a Fecal Microbiota Transplant

Useful for Treating Inflammatory

Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease represent the major groups of idiopathic disorders in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The etiology includes environmental factors, genetic factors, and immune responses. The pathogenesis is diversified; however, no guaranteed curative therapeutic regimen has been developed so far. This review contains information related to pathophysiology and current treatment options for IBD. It is known that IBD is caused by tissue-disruptive inflammatory reactions of the gut wall; that is why downregulation of the immune responses allows the healing of the damaged mucosa and allows the resetting of the physiological functions of the gut back to normal. The main treatment options are still corticosteroids, immunomodulators, antibiotics, probiotics, and a series of new agents. Their effects include modulation of cytokines, neutrophil-derived factors, adhesion molecules, and reactive oxygen/nitrogen metabolites. The monoclonal antitumor necrosis factor as infliximab recombinant anti-inflammatory cytokines or related gene therapy is also used nowadays. Still, the fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is considered to revolutionize the therapy in IBD, considering the abnormal inflammatory response due to the complicated relationship between microbiota and the immune system. It is imperative to mention the critical role dysbiosis may have in the pathogenesis of IBDs. This review summarizes the available
