770–1250 K:143.5 kJ/mol

800–1000 K:161.2 kJ/mol—Accurate and depends on the partial pressure of O2 (root pO2)—(7)

$$\textbf{1100-1400 K:164 kJ/mol}$$

Thus, the catalyst is required to increase the rate and decrease the time of the process. Various catalysts are proposed, and perovskites are discussed in detail. Because oxidation and reduction reactions must co-occur, perovskites are efficient owing to their high redox properties and high oxygen storage capacity (OSC) in some perovskites. In this work, we prepared a series of LaFe1-xCuxO3 perovskitetype nanopowder by sol–gel auto-combustion technique following calcination under the same experimental conditions. The metal nitrates and EDTA along with citric acid were dissolved in water, the homogeneous mixtures then added with ammonia to balance pH and kept to form a gel, and later combusted and calcined in the air at last. The as-prepared samples were characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, BET, particle size, TGA/DTA, and carbon dioxide analysis techniques to investigate the effect of the introduction amount of Cu2+ on the morphology, structure and redox abilities of the catalysts [12].
