**Acknowledgements**

*Global Warming and Climate Change*

subsequent oxides.

**5. Conclusions**

oxidation.

emissions from diesel engines will reduce the amount of carbon in the atmosphere, quantification of which can be extrapolated as 6 g hold per liter of diesel burnt.

the basis of soot oxidation first order recombination reaction takes place,

As stated earlier, the formation of reactive carbon and oxidation of that species

H ∗ +OH ∗ + C(free) − H2O + C(reactive)

An attempt was made to understand the issue of global warming from all aspects, it was then established that the emission of soot contributes to global warming [1]. Soot does cause a greenhouse effect and reducing the concentration of

is a necessity in today's environmental conditions, as proved soot oxidation does not take place at standard temperature and pressure and requires high temperature and stoichiometric conditions also it is slow process. Therefore, a catalyst is needed to make it feasible. To mitigate the issue of soot we undertook this research to semantically and objectively evaluate the scope doping of copper on the LFO structure, then to analyze the effect on the properties of the LFO and correlate them with the performance of the catalyst with soot

Perovskite-type oxides were reviewed in relation to their application in soot oxidation. The main advantage of these materials is their robust crystal structure that can be used to catalyze redox reactions due to their flexible oxygen content. The possibility to accommodate simultaneously different metal cations at A- and B-sites allows tuning the catalytic properties for a specific application such as soot oxidation, which requires redox properties with high thermal stability. As such, perovskite-type oxides exhibit good oxidation activity. Cu-doped LaFeO3 (LaFe1 xCuxO3) samples were prepared by a citric-acid auto combustion method and used as heterogeneous catalysts for the process of soot oxidation. The results showed that LFO-10Cu with a theoretical 10 mol% Cu doping was more effective and stable than the sample of LaFeO3 (LFO) in terms of cell size and pore volumes and active surface area. The partial substitution of Cu into LFO improved oxidation rate by approximately 60%; which could be ascribed to the formation of more free oxygen during the adsorption of carbon particulates over the perovskite. The encouraging data also indicated the high stability and reusability of LFO-10Cu; therefore, it shows possible potential as a promising catalyst for soot pollutant removal in the field of diesel particulate filters [27–29]. As DPFs are optimized soot will be reduced

As of scope for further research the prepared catalyst can be manufactured at a scaled-up laboratory such facility in an industry or in the research laboratory of Pollution Control Board, Govt of India and is proposed to be implemented in public transport and custom DPFs for trials as the cost of manufacturing has to be cali-

Soot is harmful to humans and pollutes the atmosphere, thus, soot oxidation

unburnt hydrocarbons is a possible solution to combat global warming.

And concerning **Figure 6**, soot oxidation mainly involves the reaction of formation of CO2; soot oxidation is a slow process at high temperatures with relatively high activation energy (143 kJ/mol at average of 600°C) However due to increased surface activity of LFCO-20% it would be effective at the exhaust temperature itself (350°C). This would mean the catalyst is effective in converting soot to its

**86**

and so global warming [1].

brated over the years.

My Sincere thanks to Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education; to the faculty Dr. Harshini Dasari; and to Cintia and Luciano from IASTE.
