**Managing Activities**

In the fourth chapter, Nizar Jaoua discusses and demonstrates modeling of global emission reductions to meet the United Nations' carbon dioxide concentration goals. Planning smooth pathways to achieve reduction targets that slow global temperatures and hold them to near the 1.5°C maximum warming, while still enabling economic systems to transition to alternative, low- to no-carbon energy systems, is of vital importance to avoid catastrophic changes.

The fifth chapter by Paritosh Kulkarni presents the results of a study of a process to reduce the production of black carbon or soot from diesel engines by introducing chemical impurities into the fuel. Black carbon is the second greatest contributor to global warming. It accounts for roughly two-thirds of the warming caused by carbon dioxide and twice as much as methane. Though not strictly a greenhouse gas,

**V**

atmospheric soot contributes by absorption and retention of direct incoming solar radiation, rather than capturing reradiated energy from Earth's surface as greenhouse gases do. Thus, reduction of soot emissions can have a significant impact on

Chapter 6, by Isabel Martínez, Jose R. Fernández, and Gemma Grasa, discusses a technological process to enable the production of hydrogen fuel. Hydrogen fuel is notoriously difficult to produce due to high energy costs and production of carbon dioxide, which counteracts the advantages that hydrogen fuel technologies promise. Aiming for carbon-free energy technology, the carbon-capture process using calcium and copper reactions sequesters the carbon dioxide from the waste stream. The promising advances of the new technology would soften the transition

It is hoped that this collection offers new insights and new ideas that may promote interest, action, and further research on topics related to global warming and

> **John P. Tiefenbacher** Texas State University,

> > USA

global warming rates.

to carbon-free transportation.

climate change.

atmospheric soot contributes by absorption and retention of direct incoming solar radiation, rather than capturing reradiated energy from Earth's surface as greenhouse gases do. Thus, reduction of soot emissions can have a significant impact on global warming rates.

Chapter 6, by Isabel Martínez, Jose R. Fernández, and Gemma Grasa, discusses a technological process to enable the production of hydrogen fuel. Hydrogen fuel is notoriously difficult to produce due to high energy costs and production of carbon dioxide, which counteracts the advantages that hydrogen fuel technologies promise. Aiming for carbon-free energy technology, the carbon-capture process using calcium and copper reactions sequesters the carbon dioxide from the waste stream. The promising advances of the new technology would soften the transition to carbon-free transportation.

It is hoped that this collection offers new insights and new ideas that may promote interest, action, and further research on topics related to global warming and climate change.

> **John P. Tiefenbacher** Texas State University, USA

**IV**

In this context, this book seeks to highlight aspects of the problems associated with global warming and the spin-off consequences that it generates, principally matters associated with changing climates. It seeks to explore topics related to consequences, responses, and efforts at changing the trajectories of the challenges. Indeed, there are six chapters that discuss various aspects of global warming and climate change. They are organized into two sets. The first set of three chapters pertain to thinking about these problems. The second set of chapters regards actions taken to improve processes that mitigate the impacts of technologies and

In the introductory chapter, I discuss an issue that seems to impede public support for calls to action in the United States, and perhaps in other countries of the world as well. That people, some of whom are public educators (not necessarily teachers, but people like broadcasters, journalists, politicians), even educated and seemingly intelligent people, don't seem to understand that they do not fully understand the matters at hand, particularly in that they unknowingly portray the concepts of global warming and climate change inaccurately. In trying to clarify these terms, I try to present the implications of understanding and not understanding.

In Chapter 2, Angela Akanwa examines actions that foster environmentally conscious living, reflecting the fact that global warming and climate change are merely symptoms of a deeper socioeconomic and cultural affliction associated with development. She examines the approaches that could be adopted and applied in Nigeria to meet goals that not only contribute to remediating global warming and climate change, but also "green" Nigerian society and its landscapes to approach

And in Chapter 3 by Nelson Chanza and Veronica Gundu-Jakarasi, we explore the consequences of responding to global warming mitigation and adaptation to climate change in Zimbabwe. Chanza and Gundu-Jakarasi critically examine the claims of benefits to various economic activities (agriculture, water production, energy, and health) achieved by government policies, responses, and interventions in these sectors. They argue that though there are some advances made by government programs, there are many unfulfilled promises, several areas of opportunity for new development, and the prospects for successes. They question whether the mitigation, adaptation, and development efforts are sustainable in the long run.

In the fourth chapter, Nizar Jaoua discusses and demonstrates modeling of global emission reductions to meet the United Nations' carbon dioxide concentration goals. Planning smooth pathways to achieve reduction targets that slow global temperatures and hold them to near the 1.5°C maximum warming, while still enabling economic systems to transition to alternative, low- to no-carbon energy systems, is

The fifth chapter by Paritosh Kulkarni presents the results of a study of a process to reduce the production of black carbon or soot from diesel engines by introducing chemical impurities into the fuel. Black carbon is the second greatest contributor to global warming. It accounts for roughly two-thirds of the warming caused by carbon dioxide and twice as much as methane. Though not strictly a greenhouse gas,

community activities.

**Managing Minds** 

sustainability.

**Managing Activities**

of vital importance to avoid catastrophic changes.

**1**

Section 1

Managing Minds
