**1. Introduction**

The literature [1] indicates a strong relationship between the rising of soot concentration in the environment and the increasing intensity of global warming over the past 20 years. Greenhouse effect and global warming are the most pressing issues the world is facing in 2019. The noticeable problem is the are average 0.17°C per year global warming since pre-industrial levels (1970–2019), also the 0.09°C warming and increasing pH of oceans 1950s, 3.2 cm sea-levels growth per decade, a large number of extreme heatwaves in last decade [2, 3]. Unless the in 2019 we act to reduce the causes of global warming, we unite and commit, and pledge that the changes to mitigate global warming are fully implemented, the adverse effects of climate change will go on.

The natural phenomenon of the greenhouse effect plays a vital role in climate change for decades. The burning of fossil fuels has contributed intensely to the natural greenhouse effect. This aggregated greenhouse effect stems from a rise in the atmospheric concentrations termed greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere lead to climate change. Soot, along with NOx, CO, and CO2 are considered significant greenhouse gases and pollutants.

In recent years after the industrial revolution, diesel engines are used extensively in multiple areas for their fewer CO2 emissions, better fuel efficiency, and improved economy [4]. Soot or unburnt hydrocarbons (UHC) present in the exhaust of internal combustion diesel engines. To be in accord with the intense emission levels imposed by the law, destruction of above mentioned delirious compounds is the necessity of the era. Their conversion into a nonparticulate form before these toxic substances released into the surrounding environment is also another alternative. Soot has been counted in the chief scale of severity among such classification. For this purpose, it is proposed, the of a mixture of catalytically active components coated with perovskites will cause the parallel conversion of UHC into subsequent oxides while could be absorbed in the exhaust filters and by the environment.

While soot continues to harm human race in metropolitan cities its effect is unseen to healthy eyes, when carbon black enters your bloodstream, it can cause a wide array of severe health issues, including respiratory problems, infections, shortness of breath, bronchitis, asthma, stroke, heart attack, cancer, and premature death. Soot not only causes smog that decreases visual clarity but stays in the atmosphere longer than carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide can be absorbed by trees, but soot cannot be 'fixed' by natural means. Soot causes global warming by absorbing sunlight and directly heat the surrounding air. **Figure 1** clearly

**81**

*Reducing Green House Effect Caused by Soot via Oxidation Using Modified LaFe1-xCuxO3…*

demonstrates how particulate matter is contributing to global warming as a significant global pollutant. **Figure 2** zones in the culmination of sizes of PM towards soot indicating inversely proportional relationship between the size of

This particulate matter (pm) in the form of soot released from the diesel combustion process has grasped plenty of attention. The reason for that is it can give rise to serious environmental and health problems [7–9]. Particulate matter is filtered with diesel particulate filters (DPF) in the current scenario [10] which captures soot and requires regeneration to maintain performance. To tackle this issue, researchers have conducted some works about regeneration, but none led to satisfaction. Methods involving in oxidation of particulate matter directly are researched upon. But they all need a high temperature above 600°C which might

Therefore oxidation of soot is important to resolve environmental issues in many parts of the world. However, soot oxidation is not a process that can occur under

Csoot + O2 → CO2 + H2O

2CO + O2 → 2CO2

Csoot + NO → ½ N2 + CO2 + H2O

As seen soot oxidation mainly involves the reaction of formation of CO2, so does the enthalpy of reaction is enthalpy of formation. Enthalpy at 298.15 K for carbon dioxide formation is 393.5 kJ/mol and the formation of carbon monoxide is 110.53 kJ/mol. Soot oxidation is a slow process at high temperatures with relatively

Activation energy of above reaction at various temperature is found as follows:

770–1250 K:143.5 kJ/mol

800–1000 K:161.2 kJ/mol—Accurate and depends on the partial pressure of O2

1100–1400 K:164 kJ/mol

natural conditions, and so further analysis is needed. Following reactions take place for soot oxidation:

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90460*

*Size of soot as the comparison with other particulate matter.*

PM and its banality [5, 6].

**Figure 2.**

destroy DPF [11].

high activation energy.

(root pO2)—(7)

**Figure 1.**

*Pollution caused by particulate matter.*

*Reducing Green House Effect Caused by Soot via Oxidation Using Modified LaFe1-xCuxO3… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90460*

**Figure 2.**

*Global Warming and Climate Change*

The literature [1] indicates a strong relationship between the rising of soot concentration in the environment and the increasing intensity of global warming over the past 20 years. Greenhouse effect and global warming are the most pressing issues the world is facing in 2019. The noticeable problem is the are average 0.17°C per year global warming since pre-industrial levels (1970–2019), also the 0.09°C warming and increasing pH of oceans 1950s, 3.2 cm sea-levels growth per decade, a large number of extreme heatwaves in last decade [2, 3]. Unless the in 2019 we act to reduce the causes of global warming, we unite and commit, and pledge that the changes to mitigate global warming are fully implemented, the adverse effects of

The natural phenomenon of the greenhouse effect plays a vital role in climate change for decades. The burning of fossil fuels has contributed intensely to the natural greenhouse effect. This aggregated greenhouse effect stems from a rise in the atmospheric concentrations termed greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere lead to climate change. Soot, along with NOx, CO, and CO2 are consid-

In recent years after the industrial revolution, diesel engines are used extensively in multiple areas for their fewer CO2 emissions, better fuel efficiency, and improved economy [4]. Soot or unburnt hydrocarbons (UHC) present in the exhaust of internal combustion diesel engines. To be in accord with the intense emission levels imposed by the law, destruction of above mentioned delirious compounds is the necessity of the era. Their conversion into a nonparticulate form before these toxic substances released into the surrounding environment is also another alternative. Soot has been counted in the chief scale of severity among such classification. For this purpose, it is proposed, the of a mixture of catalytically active components coated with perovskites will cause the parallel conversion of UHC into subsequent oxides while could be absorbed in the exhaust filters and by the environment. While soot continues to harm human race in metropolitan cities its effect is unseen to healthy eyes, when carbon black enters your bloodstream, it can cause a wide array of severe health issues, including respiratory problems, infections, shortness of breath, bronchitis, asthma, stroke, heart attack, cancer, and premature death. Soot not only causes smog that decreases visual clarity but stays in the atmosphere longer than carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide can be absorbed by trees, but soot cannot be 'fixed' by natural means. Soot causes global warming by absorbing sunlight and directly heat the surrounding air. **Figure 1** clearly

**1. Introduction**

climate change will go on.

ered significant greenhouse gases and pollutants.

**80**

**Figure 1.**

*Pollution caused by particulate matter.*

*Size of soot as the comparison with other particulate matter.*

demonstrates how particulate matter is contributing to global warming as a significant global pollutant. **Figure 2** zones in the culmination of sizes of PM towards soot indicating inversely proportional relationship between the size of PM and its banality [5, 6].

This particulate matter (pm) in the form of soot released from the diesel combustion process has grasped plenty of attention. The reason for that is it can give rise to serious environmental and health problems [7–9]. Particulate matter is filtered with diesel particulate filters (DPF) in the current scenario [10] which captures soot and requires regeneration to maintain performance. To tackle this issue, researchers have conducted some works about regeneration, but none led to satisfaction. Methods involving in oxidation of particulate matter directly are researched upon. But they all need a high temperature above 600°C which might destroy DPF [11].

Therefore oxidation of soot is important to resolve environmental issues in many parts of the world. However, soot oxidation is not a process that can occur under natural conditions, and so further analysis is needed.

Following reactions take place for soot oxidation:

Csoot + O2 → CO2 + H2O 2CO + O2 → 2CO2 Csoot + NO → ½ N2 + CO2 + H2O

As seen soot oxidation mainly involves the reaction of formation of CO2, so does the enthalpy of reaction is enthalpy of formation. Enthalpy at 298.15 K for carbon dioxide formation is 393.5 kJ/mol and the formation of carbon monoxide is 110.53 kJ/mol. Soot oxidation is a slow process at high temperatures with relatively high activation energy.

Activation energy of above reaction at various temperature is found as follows:
