Meet the editors

Dr. Gokul Sridharan is currently working as an associate professor in the Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology at YMT Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai. He has obtained his Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) for the work titled "Salivary and serum metabolomics in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma". His field of interest includes oral pre-cancer, oral cancer, salivary diagnostics, oral and maxillofacial diseases, and advanced

diagnostic aids with emphasis on bioinformatics and metabolomics. He has several scientific publications and actively contributes as a peer reviewer to numerous journals. He is an active member of the editorial board of several journals of repute. Dr. Gokul Sridharan has undergone training and is a qualified diploma holder in medial law and ethics and is also certified in tobacco cessation and control.

Prof. Sukumaran Anil, BDS, MDS, PhD, FDS RCPS (Glas), FDS RCS (Edin) FICD, FPFA, is currently serving as the Director of the Oral Health Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar. He is a Professor and Senior Consultant in periodontics and implant dentistry. He received his Doctoral Degree in Dentistry (PhD) from the University of Hong Kong in 2002. Further, he underwent one year of advanced training at the UK Center for Oral HIV Research,

Guys' and St. Thomas's Hospital, London. Based on his contribution to the field, Prof. Sukumaran received honorary fellowship from the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons, Glasgow (FDS, RCPS), and Royal College of Surgeons Edinburgh (FDS RCS), International College of Dentist (FICD) and Pierre Fauchard Academy (FPFA). He has been the recipient of several awards for excellence in the field, Gold-medal winner (BDS-India), Ratan H. Doctor National Award (INDIA), Wang Gungwu Scholarship for Research Students (Hong Kong), and the Golden Quill award for research excellence from King Saud University, Riyadh. He has more than 35 years of undergraduate and postgraduate teaching experience and PhD supervision in various countries such as India, Hong Kong, Saudi Arabia, United Kingdom, The Netherlands, South Korea, and USA. Previously, he served as Full Professor at King Saud University, Riyadh for the past 12 years and worked as chairman and member of the National Accreditation (NCAAA), European and US accreditation for the courses at King Saud University. He plays a major role in developing a medical research facility (biomaterials and dental) for the medical division of the Ministry of Defense in Riyadh. He has published more than 350 research papers in high-impact journals, chapters, and books in the field.

Dr. Al Ostwani Alaa Eddin Omar received a master's degree in Dentistry and a PhD in Pediatric Dentistry from Damascus University, Syria, in 2010 and 2014, respectively. He also received a fellowship diploma in Laser Dentistry and The Advanced Fellowship Postgraduate Diploma in Endodontics from the University of Genoa, Italy, in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Dr. Al Ostwani has been an assistant professor at the International University of Science and

Technology (IUST) since 2014. During his academic experience he has received several awards, including the scientific research award from the Union of Arab Universities, the Syrian gold medal, and the international gold medal for invention and creativity.

He has published eight articles in international and national academic journals, and is a member of the International Association of Dental Traumatology and Syrian Society for Research and Preventive Dentistry, the editorial board for the International Journal of Dental Medicine and the reviewer board for the Indian Journal of Conservative and Endodontics.

Contents

**Section 1**

**Preface XI**

Gingival and Periodontal Diseases **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 11**

**Chapter 3 31**

**Chapter 4 49**

**Chapter 5 55**

Oral Oncology **73**

**Chapter 6 75**

**Chapter 7 89**

Oral Cancer: The State of the Art of Modern-Day Diagnosis and Treatment

*by Quang Van Le, Duy Quoc Ngo, Toan Duc Tran and Quy Xuan Ngo*

Interdental Brushes in Maintaining Periodontal Health

*by Reghunathan S. Preethanath, Wael I. Ibraheem and Aiswarya Anil*

Diagnosis and Treatment Plan for Gingival Diseases and Conditions

*by Esra Guzeldemir-Akcakanat*

*by Anahita Punj and Manav Chaturvedi*

*by Wael I. Ibraheem and Reghunathan S. Preethanath*

Adverse Effects of Medications on Periodontal Tissues *by Sukumaran Anil, Seham H.S.A. Alyafei, Annie Kitty George* 

*by Márcio Campos Oliveira, Igor Ferreira Borba de Almeida, Almira Oliveira Pereira and Maria da Conceição Andrade*

Pathogenesis of Gingivitis

Host Modulation

**Section 2**

*and Elna Paul Chalisserry*

Potentially Malignant Oral Disorders
