Preface

**Section 3**

in Seawater

**II**

Waterbody Simulation

Special Topics **137**

**Chapter 8 139**

**Chapter 9 157**

Effect of Laminar Flow on the Corrosion Activity of AA6061-T6

*by Gloria Acosta, Lucien Veleva, Luis Chávez and Juan L. López*

Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Numerical Models in Surface

A Unique Volume Balance Approach for Verifying the

*by Hussein A.M. Al-Zubaidi and Scott A. Wells*

Problems in fluid mechanics and turbulence are omnipresent and pose challenges to engineers, physicists, and mathematicians alike. Particularly, the flow instabilities and flow transition from laminar flow to a chaotic or turbulent state, lead to changes in the properties of the fluid across space and time. The only alternative is a numerical solution, and this is why computational methods have become an indispensable tool in the exploration and analysis of a wide range of engineering and physical phenomena. Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) is an advanced branch of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) devoted to the high-fidelity solution of turbulent flows.

The strength of DNS is the ability to provide complete knowledge, unaffected by approximations, at every point and every time of the simulation within the flow. Therefore, it is an ideal tool to address basic research questions regarding turbulence in engineering and physics. However, the cost of DNS prevents it from being used as a general-purpose design tool. Though there are large amounts of information available on this subject in the literary world and on the web, there are insufficient resources that reference matching case studies. This book is not a systematic journey through DNS but rather an exposition of doing it. It is more of an explicit example-based problem-solving guide by various authors in specialized numerical experimentation. The target audience consists of engineering students venturing into computational fluid dynamics. This book is an introductory illustrative text on DNS and may help readers in gaining fundamental skills on the techniques of direct numerical simulations in computational fluid mechanics.

I thank all the authors for contributing such wonderful content for the readers of this book. I thank the management of Vardhaman College of Engineering, for supporting me in editing this volume. I thank the principal, deans, heads, and my colleagues. Special thanks to my student Shashank for helping in a chapter. I thank my wife, beloved daughter, Amma, Nanagaru, Kavya and all my family members for their continuous support.

> **Dr. P. Srinivasa Rao,** Vardhaman College of Engineering, Shamshabad, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India

Section 1

Inviscid Flow Turbulence

**1**

Section 1
