**Figure 6.**

*Constructing the TIN surface to link between coordinates.*


#### **Figure 7.**

*Sequence of steps in GIS to select the best route for connecting the city of Makhmour with the city of Mosul.*


**135**

*Building an Integrated Database of Road Design Elements*

• Minimum length of vertical curve = 700 m.

in both directions.

*Design elements for horizontal curves.*

**Figure 8.**

velocity of horizontal curves.

and vertical curves.

• The level of service was A, the number of lane 2 was with two direction, the chosen width was 12 m per lane, and the traffic volume was 420 vehicles/h

e.The design elements for the horizontal curves were illustrated as in **Figures 8** and **9**. Where the highway contained four horizontal curves designed according to the design standards. **Figure 10** can illustrate the proposed path of road after adding the stations. While, **Figure 11** illustrate the definition of the design

f. A longitudinal section of the proposed road was produced on a horizontal scale

g.The construction line (formation level), which represents the final level of the road, has been defined so that it achieves the lowest proportion of cuttings and fill in the earthworks and with the lowest vertical curves and as in **Figure 13**, which illustrates the elements of vertical curves and stations of PVC, PVI, and PVT through the table stations, as well as the levels of these stations, their slopes, and the length of their vertical curves, and the type of curve. **Figures 14** and **15** illustrate the longitudinal section after adding the line of construction

(1:600) and a vertical scale (1:100), as in **Figure 12a** and **b**.

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88678*

*Building an Integrated Database of Road Design Elements DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88678*

*Geographic Information Systems in Geospatial Intelligence*

**134**

**Figure 7.**

• Supper elevation = 4%.

PSD = 670 m, K = 45.

• Break reaction distance = 60 m.

• Break distance on level = 115 m.

• For concave and convex vertical curves (sag and crest), SSD = 185 m,

*Sequence of steps in GIS to select the best route for connecting the city of Makhmour with the city of Mosul.*



**Figure 9.** *Design elements for the horizontal curves.*

#### **Figure 10.**

*The proposed path of highway after adding the stations.*


**137**

**Figure 13.**

*Define vertical curve elements of the road.*

**Figure 12.**

h.The cross sections of the proposed road were generated and designed according to the criteria that correspond to the cross sections of the reality of the case (width of the total road 24 m, shoulder length 1 m, side slope 1/2, supper elevation 4%, the thickness of the tiling was defined as 10 cm, thickness of the subbase 15 cm). Note **Figure 16** which illustrates the forms of some of cross sections.

*(a) Longitudinal section of the proposed road and (b) profile's design elements.*

*Building an Integrated Database of Road Design Elements*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88678*

#### **Figure 11.**

*Define design velocity of horizontal curves.*


#### **Figure 12.**

*Geographic Information Systems in Geospatial Intelligence*

**136**

**Figure 11.**

*Define design velocity of horizontal curves.*

**Figure 9.**

**Figure 10.**

*Design elements for the horizontal curves.*

*The proposed path of highway after adding the stations.*

*(a) Longitudinal section of the proposed road and (b) profile's design elements.*


#### **Figure 13.**

*Define vertical curve elements of the road.*

h.The cross sections of the proposed road were generated and designed according to the criteria that correspond to the cross sections of the reality of the case (width of the total road 24 m, shoulder length 1 m, side slope 1/2, supper elevation 4%, the thickness of the tiling was defined as 10 cm, thickness of the subbase 15 cm). Note **Figure 16** which illustrates the forms of some of cross sections.


#### **Figure 14.**

*The longitudinal section of the road after adding construction line.*


#### **Figure 15.**

*Section of profile illustrates vertical curve elements.*

**139**

**Table 10.**

*Calculated volume of cut and fill for each station of the proposed road.*

*Building an Integrated Database of Road Design Elements*

i. Calculated volume of the earth works in a way of prismoidal formula as shown in **Table 10**, which shows the volume of cut and fill for each station of the proposed road. These data of volume were exported from Civil 3D to GIS as

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88678*

attribute table.

**Figure 16.** *Forms of some cross sections of the proposed road.*

*Geographic Information Systems in Geospatial Intelligence*

*The longitudinal section of the road after adding construction line.*

*Section of profile illustrates vertical curve elements.*

**Figure 14.**

**Figure 15.**

**138**

**Figure 16.**

*Forms of some cross sections of the proposed road.*

i. Calculated volume of the earth works in a way of prismoidal formula as shown in **Table 10**, which shows the volume of cut and fill for each station of the proposed road. These data of volume were exported from Civil 3D to GIS as attribute table.


**Table 10.** *Calculated volume of cut and fill for each station of the proposed road.*
