**2. Transportation planning**

Transport is an important part of the planning process for cities and regions. Every planning activity, whether land uses, work centers, cultural, marketing, or leisure activities, depends in one way or another on transportation. The transport and traffic sector is considered an important sector in economic development, and this is reflected in the high expenses allocated to the development of this sector, which in Iraq up to 20% of the allocations of annual investment plans [1].

Transport planning is a structured approach to understanding traffic and transport characteristics. It aims to achieve an efficient and appropriate system that meets the current and future requirements of the community. We can define a number of objectives for this process [2]:


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to another.

material systems.

*Building an Integrated Database of Road Design Elements*

• To preserve and improve the environment.

most important of which are as follows [3]:

levels or any other planning solutions.

four sections according to the following concepts [4]:

**3. Road network classification systems**

benefits for road projects to the general community.

• Optimal expenditures through the implementation of program cost and

• Development of programs and techniques for further urban and regional

• Also designed to design road networks according to planning standards, the

the different ways of fast, primary, and secondary traffic.

○ Network service for the gradual development of the city.

topography of the area of the road, and nature of the area.

the road, and the roads' functional classification.

○ The network hierarchy, which is related to the functional classification of

○ The network serves land use (residential, industrial, commercial, cultural, etc.) in a good way, providing easy access to parts of the city or regions.

○ The large and equivalent link between the city's internal network and the

○ Avoid traffic jams that may occur at intersections by creating junctions at

The systems adopted in the road network classification classify the network into

a. *Road location systems and neighborhoods***:** The road is classified according to its location according to the following concepts: the type of use of the road, the date of construction of the road, the uses of the ground surrounding the road,

b.*Road engineering design system:* These systems are based on the engineering classification of the road network according to the following systems, number of road lanes, system dividing the road, and switching systems from one road

c.*Road administration systems:* These systems work on road management according to the following concepts, road planning according to levels, road paving systems and maintenance, road ownership systems, and type of tiling

d.*Vehicle traffic systems:* The road network is classified according to the movement of vehicles and their relation to the type of vehicle, according to the following, traffic volume of the road, purpose of the trip, type of vehicle using

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88678*

development.

• Reducing traffic accidents.

regional road network.


*Geographic Information Systems in Geospatial Intelligence*

tional efficiency, and aesthetics of the highway.

route of this road using a differential GPS device.

tional standards.

and network analyses.

**2. Transportation planning**

number of objectives for this process [2]:

able potentials.

transport costs.

future requirements.

The horizontal and vertical roads' elements, the configuration of road path and grade affects safe operating speeds, and sight and passing distances for highway and roads' capacity establish the general character of a highway, more than any other design consideration. These components will significantly affect the safety, opera-

Therefore, this chapter will focus on the design of the main elements of a road linking the city of Mosul and Makhmour (Northern Iraq) district south of Mosul. The surveying data was prepared by the Ministry of Municipalities for the proposed

These surveys are a 900-m strip survey of the proposed route of the Mosul-Makhmour highway with a length of up to 20 km. Field surveying data will be used to prepare a geometric design for the proposed road linking for the two regions by using AutoCAD Civil 3D Land Desktop program and in accordance with interna-

Initially, a path was proposed for this road depending on spatial analysis by GIS program to get optimum path linking between two areas. The stations, the type of road, the number of its lanes, its dimensions, its horizontal and vertical elements, and the slopes were defined according to the main design criteria of urban roads. The results were illustrated by longitudinal and cross-sectional plots showing the changes in the natural shape of the ground and all the elements of the horizontal and vertical curves of the road. After which, the volume of the earthworks was calculated for excavation and burial. Thus, a road connecting two urban areas was achieved in a manner that does not cause accidents and achieves the smooth flow of vehicles by making all elements of the road consistent with the expectations of drivers to avoid sudden changes in design specifications. Finally, all the designed road data were exported to the GIS program to build an integrated database for this road that can be linked to the rest of the city network, as well as all spatial analyses

Transport is an important part of the planning process for cities and regions. Every planning activity, whether land uses, work centers, cultural, marketing, or leisure activities, depends in one way or another on transportation. The transport and traffic sector is considered an important sector in economic development, and this is reflected in the high expenses allocated to the development of this sector, which in Iraq up to 20% of the allocations of annual investment plans [1]. Transport planning is a structured approach to understanding traffic and transport characteristics. It aims to achieve an efficient and appropriate system that meets the current and future requirements of the community. We can define a

• Provide the most appropriate type of transport system according to the avail-

• Developing and increasing the efficiency of economic activity by reducing

• Know how and when to improve the old road or build new roads according to

• Development of an integrated system of transport routes.

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	- The network hierarchy, which is related to the functional classification of the different ways of fast, primary, and secondary traffic.
	- The network serves land use (residential, industrial, commercial, cultural, etc.) in a good way, providing easy access to parts of the city or regions.
	- The large and equivalent link between the city's internal network and the regional road network.
	- Network service for the gradual development of the city.
	- Avoid traffic jams that may occur at intersections by creating junctions at levels or any other planning solutions.
