**6. References**

44 Recent Advances in Arthroplasty

Examined 20,290 THA and 27,217 TKA

patients between April 2000-March 2004

categories –

Hospital and surgeon volumes divided based on quartile distribution Surgeon volume: 2- 25/yr, 26- 40/yr, 41- 60/yr and >60/yr Hospital volume: 10- 110/yr, 111- 150/yr, 151- 225/yr and >225/yr

Extremely low volume groups (surgeons <2/yr and hospitals <10/yr) excluded

hospital stays Higher revision rates seen in low volume

Higher volume surgeons had relative shorter length of hospital stay for both TKA and THA

procedure

TKA

No association between hospital volume and length of stay for either

No relationship found between hospital volume and rate of complications Lowest volume surgeons only had increased complication rates for THA but not

Low volume surgeons had higher rates of revision for THA

No association between revision rate and surgeon volume

hospitals

low (<40%ile), medium (40- 80%ile) and high (>80%ile) Low: <14/yr Medium: 14- 42/yr High: >42/yr Hospital volume: Low: <48/yr Medium: 48- 120/yr High: >120/yr

(OHIP) Physician Service Claims

2010 CIHI Hospital Discharge Abstracts and Ontario Health Insurance Plan (OHIP) Physician Service Claims

Table 2. Summary of Canadian TJR Volume-Outcome Studies

Paterson et

al14


**4** 

*Poland* 

**Gait Analysis in Patients with Gonarthrosis** 

**Treated by Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA)** 

*1Rehabilitation In Traumatology Unit, Rehabilitation Clinical Department,* 

*2Orthopedics And Traumatology Clinic, Collegium Medicum UJ Cracow* 

The aim of the studies was an attempt to evaluate the variability of kinematic parameters of the lower limb joints of subjects before and after total knee replacement in gait with natural speed. Angular values changes in the knee, ankle, and hip joints were studied in three

Walking and running are natural ways of human locomotion which are shaped during phylogenetic development. According to Zembaty (1987) the walking cycle involves "activities and movements performed by a walking person between the contact of one of the heels with the ground and its subsequent contact with the ground", another definition assumes that gait means "locomotion consisting in moving the body weight, focused at the centre of gravity, in space, along a rout requiring the least energy expenditure"

There are a lot of more definitions which have been devised over several dozen years when thorough research over the methods of human movement was started. First reports on this issue date back to the 1830s when the Weber brothers performed an analysis of time and space parameters of gait, while the locomotion pattern was first determined by means of a

On the basis of these long-term and numerous studies individual gait phases were distinguished, their duration was determined and dependencies between gait phases and their mutual changes induced by changing conditions under which motion is executed.

The constant and characteristic gait feature includes its cyclicity, i.e. the alternating

single support - only one lower limb has contact with the ground, the support time is

double support – both feet have contact with the ground, the support time is approx.

photographic technique by Marey and Muybridge (Andriacchi et al. 2000).

**1. Introduction** 

planes of movement.

**2. Gait analysis** 

(Basmajian, 1976).

**2.1 Gait phases** 

0.15 s.

approx. 0.53 s.

occurrence of two phases (Bober, 1985):

Katarzyna Ogrodzka1 and Tadeusz Niedźwiedzki2

 *University School of Physical Education in Cracow* 

Zhan, C., Kaczmarek, R., Loyo-Berrios, N., Sangl, J., & Bright, R.A. (2007). Incidence and Short-Term Outcomes of Primary and Revision Hip Replacement in the United States. *J Bone Joint Surg Am*. Pp. 89:526-33.
