**5. Conclusion**

The monitoring of acoustic emission in evaluation structures integrity has the advantage to be done when the process is in charge, this does not happen in other non-destructives tests. That advantage is very important when one work with organic structures or organic substitution like in the study developed.

The signals obtained by the sensors system have the typical profile of a burst AE which means a good amplitude, duration and sufficient number of crossing the threshold.

The analysis of the acoustic emission results indicate the location coordinates of a crack in the structure, which coincides with the crack image observed in the optical microscope.

Gueiral, N.; Ramos, A. & Nogueira, E. (2009). Crack detection by Wavelet-based acoustic

<sup>145</sup> Acoustic Emission Studies in Hip Arthroplasty

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The surface metal prostheses have to be well polished because it may be the cause of cracking. As was observed in the microscopic images, in the local of the beginning AE crack formation, the metal implant had a sharp ridge.

In future work, given the constitution of the femoral component (different materials in thin layers) methods more stringent to locate sources should be used, not forgetting the fact that given the type of materials in question, the answer has a little number of AE events.

#### **6. References**


14 Will-be-set-by-IN-TECH

The surface metal prostheses have to be well polished because it may be the cause of cracking. As was observed in the microscopic images, in the local of the beginning AE crack formation,

In future work, given the constitution of the femoral component (different materials in thin layers) methods more stringent to locate sources should be used, not forgetting the fact that

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given the type of materials in question, the answer has a little number of AE events.

the metal implant had a sharp ridge.

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**Part 2** 

**Materials** 


**Part 2** 

**Materials** 

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**9** 

*Argentina* 

**Titanium as a Biomaterial for Implants** 

An ideal biomaterial is expected to exhibit properties such as a very high biocompatibility, that is, no adverse tissue response. Also, it must have a density as low as that of bone, high mechanical strength and fatigue resistance, low elastic modulus and good wear resistance. It

Some metals are used as biomaterials due to their excellent mechanical properties and good biocompatibility. Since the metallic bonds in these materials are essentially non-directional, the position of the metals ions can be altered without destroying the crystal structure, resulting in a plastically deformable solid. This is also an advantage when thinking about

The principal disadvantage of metals is its corrosion tendency in an in-vivo environment. Most metals can only be tolerated by the human body in small amounts even as metallic ions. The consequences of corrosion are the disintegration of the material implant, which will weaken the implant and the harmful effect of corrosion products on the surrounding

Some metals are used as passive substitutes for hard tissue replacement such as total hip and knee joints, for fracture healing aids as bone plates and screws, spinal fixation devices and dental implants. Some metallic alloys are used for more active roles, as actuators such as

Examples of ASTM standards for some of these metallic biomaterials are shown in Table 1. The first metal alloy developed specifically for human use was the "vanadium steel" but it was no longer used in implants because its corrosion resistance is inadequate *in vivo*. Later in the 1950s, 18-8sMo with very low carbon content (known as 316L) stainless steel was introduced and is actually widely used for implant fabrication. This alloy has a very good

The castable CoCrMo alloy has been used for many decades in dentistry and, relatively recently, in making artificial joints. The wrought CoNiCrMo alloy is relatively new, now used for making the stems of prostheses for heavily loaded joints such as the knee and hip.

Metallic biomaterials can be conveniently grouped in the following categories:

is very difficult to combine all these properties in only one material.

**1. Introduction** 

tissues and organs.

 Stainless steel Cobalt base alloys Titanium base alloys Specialty metallic alloys

the device manufacture technology.

vascular stents, and orthodontic archwires.

resistance to chloride solutions and poor sensitization.

Both alloys have excellent corrosion resistance.

Carlos Oldani and Alejandro Dominguez

*Department of Materials and Technology, Faculty of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba* 
