**4.6 Analysis of spatio-temporal parametres**

The table below presents a comparison of the average values of time and space parameters obtained before and after the endoprosthetic replacement for the control group.(Tab.2)

The following parameters were measured for all perosns:

**Cadence** – number of steps within the minute

**DS** – double support

54 Recent Advances in Arthroplasty

Plan – plantar flexion, Dors – dorsal flexion

Ext – extension, Flex – flexion

Fig. 6. Angular changes in the ankle joints in the transversal plane

**4.5 Comparsion of angular changes in hip joint in sagittal plane** 

examination. It was slightly reduced after the procedure (Fig. 7).

Fig. 7. Angular changes in the hip joints in the transversal plane

Flexion contracture of the hip joints was marked on both sides in the 1st and 2nd

**Foot Off** – end of stance phase

**SS** – single support

**StrL** – stride lenght

**StrT –** stride time

**WS –** walking speed


sides: operated knee – knee before and after arthroplasty; not operated knee – healthy knee

Table 2. Comparing temporary-spatial values at patients before and after the arthroplasty with results of the control group

On the basis of the analysis of the time and space parameters it can be noticed that patients move with a reduced frequency of steps and at a slower rate. Thus, the double support phase and cycle duration are longer for them; similarly, the stance phase ends later.

Time and space parameters were also compared between the operated and unoperated side in the 1st and 2nd examination. Tables 3 & 4.

Statistical analysis also revealed a significant difference between the operated and unoperated side for the Foot Off parameter in the 1st and 2nd examination. No statistically significant differences between the analyzed parameters were found in the 2nd examination.

Gait Analysis in Patients with Gonarthrosis Treated by Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) 57

Considerable bow-leggedness is also observed in the authors' own research, especially on

Similar results were obtained by Gök et al. 2002 who analyzed the gait of 13 patients suffering from knee arthritis. Their results were compared with 13 healthy persons. The analysis was performed using the Vicon 370 system and it involved kinetics, kinematics and time and space parameters of the gait. Significant movement limitation was discovered in

One of the reasons may be the patients' reduced daily physical activity caused, among other

On the basis of the research conducted it can also be concluded that due to pain the support phase is extended and thus, the limb advancement period is shortened in patients suffering from degenerative knee disease. A similar conclusion was reached by Andriacchi et al. (1997) who found that an extended gait cycle can be observed in patients waiting form endoprosthetic replacement. The knee function was not completely restored, despite good

Astephen et al. (2007), on the basis of locomotion tests of persons with degenerative changes of knee joints, concluded that changes in ankle and knee joints are marked in the saggital

Similar results for the saggital plane were obtained by Baliunas et al. [21], who discovered

This is yet another confirmation of the results of the author's own studies, where a clear restriction of the active range of motion was found in the knee joint in the saggital plane. Manetta et al. (2002), on the other hand, examined 10 persons suffering from degenerative knee joint disease and compared the results with the control group. They determined the kinetics and kinematics of the gait on the basis of a motion analysis system. It turned out that the maximum flexion at the support stage was lower in the patients. As the values of the maximum flexion at the support phase were similar among the patients compared to the norm and no weakening of the quadriceps femoris muscle was observed, they concluded

These reports are not fully consistent with the results of the author's own research, as extension limitation was observed in the examined patients (increased flexion) at the

Results similar to Manetta et al. 92002), and not fully consistent with the results of the author's own research, were obtained by Childs et al. (2004), who found that flexion during loading response was limited in patients suffering from articular disease

Bajek et al. (2006a) analyzed the gait of 20 patients suffering from degenerative knee disease and compared with a control group consisting of 20 persons. The analysis included the time and space parameters and the range of motion in the saggital plane of the knee and hip

The results obtained indicate a considerably higher limitation of flexion during the limb advancement period than the results of the present authors' research. Flexion contracture of the hip joints was also visible, which confirms the results of the authors' own research. The authors assumed that the limitation of motion in the affected knee joint will be compensated by an increased range of motion in the hip joint, however, the results of their research show that this range of motion becomes reduced, in particular, on the side of the

things, resulting in lower flexibility and reduced active range of motion in the joints.

plane. However, they did not determine the direction of the changes in the joints.

there existed a restriction of the range of motion throughout the gait cycle.

that this pattern was caused by a compensatory reduction in gait speed.

joints in both legs and the three-dimensional pelvic function.

the saggital plane, as well as genu valgum at the support phase.

clinical results, which is confirmed by the authors' own research.

the affected side.

support phase.

affected joint.

compared to the norm.


sides: operated knee – knee before and after arthroplasty; operated knee – healthy knee

Table 3. Comparing temporary-spatial values at patients before the arthroplasty on the operated and not operated side.


sides: operated knee – knee before and after arthroplasty; operated knee – healthy knee

Table 4. Comparing temporary-spatial values at patients after the arthroplasty on the operated and not operated side
