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This study was supported by Internal Grant Agency Ministry of Health, Czech Republic (NT/11049-5), the Sigrid Juselius Foundation, by the Helsinki University Central Hospital evo-funds, Finska Läkaresällskapet, Wilhelm och Else Stockmanns Stiftelse, ORTON Orthopaedic Hospital of the Invalid Foundation, National Doctoral Programme of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Biomaterials, Danish Council for Strategic Research, European Science Foundation "Regenerative Medicine" RNP, and by Grant 1R01AR055650- 04 from the National Institute of Health and the French Granting Agency E.F.M.C. N°1. We apologize to all authors whose work could not be cited due to space limitations.

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11.

Long Term Eff Med Implants 9: 67-76.


**17** 

*Germany* 

**Current Possibilities for Detection of** 

 **and How Intelligent Implants Could** 

 **Improve Diagnostic Accuracy** 

*Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rostock* 

Cathérine Ruther et al.\*

**Loosening of Total Hip Replacements** 

Where pain is experienced following a total hip replacement (THR), there needs to be clarification as to whether the cause is due to an infected or mechanically loose THR. The major complication after implantation of a THR is aseptic loosening, caused by stress shielding and wear-particle induced osteolysis with an incidence of 75 % (Malchau et al., 2002). A further prevalent reason for implant loosening is a sepsis due to infection of the

The optimal management in case of hip pain is an often discussed controversy. Currently, several diagnostic methods are used to identify the loosening status of the THR and to establish a basis for revision management. All these techniques are based on imaging methods. An overview of the main imaging methods used is given in figure 1. Although the devices and technology are highly developed, a 100 % diagnostic accuracy is not available (Temmerman et al., 2005). Plain radiographs are mainly used to identify the loosening status of a THR and most decisions on how to treat disorders after THR can be made (Ostlere & Soin, 2003). The time period between e.g. the onset of an infection and the possibility to identify any changes within the THR can be very long (Itasaka et al., 2001). Hence, in early loosening diagnosis, identifying radiolucent lines or increased uptake in radionuclide scanning can be very complex owing to the difficulty with excluding loosening (Love et al., 2001; Udomkiat et al., 2001). Therefore, surgeons cannot verify the actual loosening status accurately until the point of surgical intervention. Thus, the surgeon carries the risk of revising a sufficiently integrated THR. A major clinical problem in diagnosing loosening of a THR is to identify the moment where revision surgery is required. Loosening of THR should

be diagnosed precisely and early in order to avoid massive osteolysis of the femur.

Ulrich Timm2, Hartmut Ewald2, Wolfram Mittelmeier1,Rainer Bader1, Rico Schmelter3,

*1Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rostock, Germany 2Department of General Electrics, University of Rostock, Germany 3Institute of Mechanical Engineering, University of Technology Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany*

**1. Introduction** 

 \*

periprosthetic membrane.

Armin Lohrengel3 and Daniel Kluess1

