**1. Introduction**

602 Recent Advances in Arthroplasty

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replacement: the posttraumatic shoulder. *J Shoulder Elbow Surg*. 2011 [49] Lynch JR, Franta AK, Montgomery WHJ, Lenters TR, Mounce D, Matsen FAr. Self-

concentric glenoid reaming. *J Bone Joint Surg Am*. 2007;89:1284-1292. [50] Clinton J, Franta AK, Lenters TR, Mounce D, Matsen FAr. Nonprosthetic glenoid

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Biomechanical and clinical evaluation of a novel lesser tuberosity repair technique

total shoulder arthroplasty for painful glenoid arthrosis after humeral head

assessed outcome at two to four years after shoulder hemiarthroplasty with

arthroplasty with humeral hemiarthroplasty and total shoulder arthroplasty yield similar self-assessed outcomes in the management of comparable patients with

Shoulder hemiarthroplasty with concentric glenoid reaming in patients 55 years

hemiarthroplasty with biologic resurfacing of the glenoid for glenohumeral

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Hemiarthroplasty for glenohumeral osteoarthritis: results correlated to degree of

Since the introduction of shoulder arthroplasty in 1893 by the French surgeon Jule-Émile Péan [18], the indications for shoulder replacement have expanded. Today shoulder arthroplasty is a common treatment for glenohumeral osteoarthritis [2]. Shoulder arthroplasty can significantly improve the function of osteoarthritic shoulders [7, 13, 19, 27]. Comparing the results, TSR offers better short- and mid-term results, but has the risk of long-term problems as the glenoid loosening [2]. In our practice patients with glenohumeral osteoarthritis will receive a total shoulder arthroplasty. As an exception patients with osteoarthritis which is limited to the humeral head without eccentric erosion of a stable sclerotic glenoid (Typ A1 glenoid according to Walch [28]) can be treated with hemiarthroplasty (HA). If the glenoid shows eccentric posterior wear (> A1), a TSR is recommended.

The use of total shoulder replacement in the setting of rotator cuff-tear arthropathy (CTA) has led to poor outcomes because of early glenoid implant failure [17]. These failures were the result of early glenoid loosening caused by altered biomechanics in the cuff-deficient shoulder. The treatment of choice for most used to be hemiarthroplasty. Although good relief from pain has usually been obtained, most patients with CTA and subsequent hemiarthroplasty had a limited range of movement, leading to difficulties with the activities of daily living. These poor results let to the development of the reverse shoulder prosthesis, as a new method for treating CTA. Using the reverse prosthesis in CTA, favorable outcomes have been reported [15, 17].

In order to use the replaced shoulder for ADLs the concerted function of the active stabilizers and the passive restraints of the replaced shoulder joint is necessary.
