Meet the editors

Dr. Lütfi Tutar is currently an assistant professor at the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey. His interdisciplinary research focuses on the bioinformatics analysis of high-throughput data, microRNAs, small RNAs, and heat shock proteins in human diseases and other multicellular organisms.

Sümer Aras was educated at the Middle East Technical University, Biology Department, Ankara, Turkey, and obtained her BS degree in 1988. She finished her Master of Science studies at Cleveland State University and Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Department of Molecular Biology, Ohio, USA, in 1994. She obtained her PhD degree in 1998 at Ankara University. Her area of interest is plant molecular biology and biotechnology. She has more than 140 pub-

lications in the field of molecular biology of which 70 are full text articles in respected journals. Currently, she works as a full professor at Ankara University in the Biology Department. She is also Chair of the Biotechnology Section.

Dr. Esen Tutar is currently an assistant professor at Kırşehir Ahi Evran University (Mucur Health Services Vocational School, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Medical Laboratory Techniques Program), Kırşehir, Turkey. Her research focuses on microRNAs, non-coding RNAs, molecular identification of microbial pathogens, and heat shock proteins.

Contents

**Preface III**

**Chapter 1 1**

**Chapter 2 5**

**Chapter 3 19**

**Chapter 4 29**

**Chapter 5 49**

**Chapter 6 71**

**Chapter 7 83**

**Chapter 8 99**

**Chapter 9 117**

MicroRNA-Based Markers in Plant Genome Response to Abiotic Stress

The Role of Noncoding RNAs in Brain Cells during Rat Cerebral Ischemia *by Ivan B. Filippenkov, Lyudmila V. Dergunova and Svetlana A. Limborska*

*by Leandro Garcia, Erika Zambalde, Carolina Mathias, Jéssica Barazetti,* 

*by Ana Luisa Pedroso Ayub, Debora D'Angelo Papaiz, Roseli da Silva Soares* 

*by Pablo M. Santoro, Alejandra Sandoval-Bórquez and Alejandro H. Corvalan*

Introductory Chapter: Noncoding RNAs—A Brief Overview

*by Sümer Aras, Esen Tutar and Lütfi Tutar*

*by Venugopal Nair and Yongxiu Yao*

MicroRNA-335-5p and Gastrointestinal Tumors

Role of MicroRNA in Smoking–Induced Periodontitis

MicroRNAs in the Functional Defects of Skin Aging *by Fabien P. Chevalier, Julie Rorteau and Jérôme Lamartine*

*by Katarína Ražná, Jana Žiarovská and Zdenka Gálová*

lncRNAs in Hallmarks of Cancer and Clinical Applications

The Function of lncRNAs as Epigenetic Regulators

and Their Application in Plant Genotyping

*Daniela Gradia and Jaqueline Oliveira*

*and Miriam Galvonas Jasiulionis*

*by Herman S. Cheung, Carlos Carballosa and Jordan Greenberg*

Role of Virus-Encoded microRNAs in Avian Viral Diseases
