**6. Responsible science**

The advance of biotechnology benefits for life science research. It resulted in important biomedical products and resolved many health problems. However, advances in technology and research can unintentionally lead to techniques and/or findings that:


WHO created guideline Responsible life science research for global health security for promoting excellent, safe, secure and responsible life science research. It consists of three pillars supporting public health:


This guideline shows that the best protection against the possibility of accidents and deliberate misuse of life science can be attained by promoting culture of scientific integrity and excellence and distinguished by openness, honesty, accountability, and responsibility (**Figure 3**).

Research excellence means encouraging quality of life science activities that serve as the basis of development of new treatments and therapeutics. It supports health research system and promotes public health surveillance and response activities. These all elements are essential to protect and improve health and well-being of all people. To attain them, countries or institutions are requested to:


Ethics are promoting responsible and good research practices. It provides tools and practices to scientists and institutions that allow them to discuss, analyze, and resolve dilemmas they may face in research including problem related to the possibility of accidents or misuse of the life sciences. Countries and institutions are requested to:

**189**

*Nurturing Responsible Future Generation of Scientists: Focus on Maintaining International…*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90050*

• use current ethical platforms, if appropriate;

*Biorisk management framework for responsible life science research.*

responsibilities; and

levels.

**Figure 3.**

sures and procedures to:

institutions are requested to:

mitigations to reduce the risk;

• promote ethics education and training for students and professionals;

• hold institutions and researchers to account and ensure they are aware of their

• ensure institutions and researchers are aware of existing and new legislation, regulations not only at the country but also at the regional and international

Biosafety and biosecurity are the implementation and strengthening of mea-

• minimize the risk of worker exposure to pathogens and infections;

• protect, control, and account for valuable biological materials (VBMs).

All measures are applied in the laboratory or institution in order to prevent accidental and deliberate release of pathogens and valuable biological materials. They are aimed to ensure a safe and secure laboratory environment. Countries and

• conduct biosafety and laboratory biosecurity risk assessments and prepare

• protect the environment and the community; and

• encourage discussion and reflection on research practices;

*Nurturing Responsible Future Generation of Scientists: Focus on Maintaining International… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90050*

#### **Figure 3.**

*Contemporary Developments and Perspectives in International Health Security - Volume 1*

these technologies.

findings that:

**6. Responsible science**

• research excellence;

• ethics; and

stem cells. These future technologies are expected to resolve many problems in disease therapies, and at the same time, we have to minimize the side effects of

The advance of biotechnology benefits for life science research. It resulted in important biomedical products and resolved many health problems. However, advances in technology and research can unintentionally lead to techniques and/or

• confer antibiotic resistance so as to decrease currently effective treatments;

WHO created guideline Responsible life science research for global health security for promoting excellent, safe, secure and responsible life science research.

This guideline shows that the best protection against the possibility of accidents

Research excellence means encouraging quality of life science activities that serve as the basis of development of new treatments and therapeutics. It supports health research system and promotes public health surveillance and response activities. These all elements are essential to protect and improve health and well-being of

• use existing tools and frameworks, which are health research systems (HRS), the WHO strategy on research for health, and the International Health

Ethics are promoting responsible and good research practices. It provides tools and practices to scientists and institutions that allow them to discuss, analyze, and resolve dilemmas they may face in research including problem related to the possibility of accidents or misuse of the life sciences. Countries and institutions are

Regulations (IHR) as these can provide useful tools for contributing to respon-

and deliberate misuse of life science can be attained by promoting culture of scientific integrity and excellence and distinguished by openness, honesty, account-

all people. To attain them, countries or institutions are requested to:

• support capacity development for research and

• enable evasion of currently existing diagnostic or detection mechanisms; and

• increase virulence, transmission, or host range of a pathogen;

• demonstrate weaponization of a pathogen.

It consists of three pillars supporting public health:

• biosafety and laboratory biosecurity.

ability, and responsibility (**Figure 3**).

sible life science research.

**188**

requested to:

*Biorisk management framework for responsible life science research.*


Biosafety and biosecurity are the implementation and strengthening of measures and procedures to:


All measures are applied in the laboratory or institution in order to prevent accidental and deliberate release of pathogens and valuable biological materials. They are aimed to ensure a safe and secure laboratory environment. Countries and institutions are requested to:

• conduct biosafety and laboratory biosecurity risk assessments and prepare mitigations to reduce the risk;


## **7. Recommendation and lesson learned**

The progress of biotechnologies in developing countries especially in Indonesia does not walk in parallel with the raising of awareness for more responsible science, which gives an alert for future development on life science research itself. Thus, a task to raise awareness for more responsible science should be done in all sectors particularly in universities and research centers. In addition, responsible science must reach young scientists and spread at all universities in Indonesia.

Although Indonesia had established national standards for biorisk management, yet they are still on voluntary basis and not implemented in all related institutions. Thus, establishment of more detail guidelines and compulsory regulations on biorisk management should be accelerated and performed by all stakeholders.

#### **8. Conclusion**

University medical research center is one of a front line to face emerging technologies and emerging diseases. It is a place that could bring a silver lining in developing health security, but at the same time, it could pose a concern on dual use research application.

Medical research center is a good place to start applying more responsible science and nurturing the next generation of scientists whom have more awareness on biorisk issues. However, it is still long way to go at least for Indonesia to establish the biosafety committee at institutions as well as at national level. A need to define National Select Agents and Risk group microorganisms is also noted to provide guideline and better support for biorisk management itself.

Regardless all limitations above, efforts to raise awareness in young scientists should continue not only by established organizations such as Indonesian Biorisk Association and One Health Laboratories Network but also by full supports from other relevant stakeholders in order to motivate them to create a better research environment.

### **Acknowledgements**

We thank Indonesian Biorisk Association and One Health Laboratories Networking for the additional information. We would also like to thank Hendri Bundrawan for manuscript preparation, English correction, and editing.

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**Author details**

Aroem Naroeni1,2\* and Budiman Bela1,2,3

Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia

provided the original work is properly cited.

1 Virology and Cancer Pathobiology Research Center, Medical Faculty,

3 Department of Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

2 Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia

\*Address all correspondence to: aroem.naroeni@gmail.com

*Nurturing Responsible Future Generation of Scientists: Focus on Maintaining International…*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90050*

*Nurturing Responsible Future Generation of Scientists: Focus on Maintaining International… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90050*
