Meet the editors

Dr. Patricia Bozzetto Ambrosi graduated in medicine from the University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil, and University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy. She is a former researcher in morphophysiology at the University of Córdoba/Reina Sofia Hospital, Córdoba, Spain. She graduated in Neurology/ Neurosurgery at the Hospital of Restauração, SES, in Brazil and Neuroradiology/Radiodiagnostics at Paris Marie Curie University. She holds a master's degree

in Medicine from the University of Nova Lisboa in Portugal and in Behavioral Sciences and Neuropsychiatry from the University of Pernambuco. She also has a PhD in Biological Sciences from the University of Pernambuco/Paris Diderot University. She is a former Fellow in Interventional Neuroradiology in France at the Ophthalmological Foundation Adolphe de Rothschild, Beaujon Hospital and Hospices Civils de Strasbourg. She was Praticien Associé in Interventional Neuroradiology at Neurologique Hospital Pierre Wertheimer, University of Lyon Claude Bernard in Lyon, France, and Visiting Professor of the University of Paris Diderot-Neuri Beaujon. She is actually an independent consultant/supervisor in neuroradiology, neuroendovascular, and imaging. She is also an academic collaborator researcher in the Cardiovascular Department at the University of Leicester. She has experience in innovative research for the development of new technologies and is also an academic editor and reviewer of several scientific publications.

Dr. Rufai Ahmad graduated with a BSc in Physiotherapy from Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria, in 2001. He obtained his MSc and PhD in Health and Rehabilitation from the University of Southampton, UK, in 2008 and 2012, respectively. He also received his Doctor of Physiotherapy degree from the Michigan-Flint University, USA, in 2015. Dr. Ahmad is Associate Professor and Deputy Director (Procurement and Training), Di-

rectorate of Laboratory Management at Bayero University, Kano, and an Honorary Consultant Physiotherapist at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano. He is a former Head of Department of Physiotherapy, Deputy Dean, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Bayero University, and editor-in-chief of the *Bayero Journal of Evidence-Based Physiotherapy*. He is currently the National President of the Nigeria Society of Physiotherapy and a member of the Medical Rehabilitation Therapists Board of Nigeria.

Dr. Auwal Abdullahi is a specialist neurological rehabilitation therapist at Bayero University, Kano, where he teaches and supervises both undergraduate and postgraduate students. He is a Fellow of the London of Academy of Sports and Health Sciences in Clinical Neurology Sciences. His most recent publications are on neurobiology of recovery of motor function and clinical decision making. He enjoys reading, research, teaching, and writing.

Dr. Amit Agrawal completed his neurosurgery training from the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India, in 2003. Dr. Agrawal is a self-motivated, enthusiastic, and results-oriented professional with more than 16 years of rich experience in research and development, as well as teaching and mentoring in the field of neurosurgery. He is proficient in managing and leading teams for running successful process

Contents

**Section 1**

**Section 2**

*by Kyoungjoo Cho*

*and Sameš Martin*

*and Kuo Ghee Ong*

**Section 3**

Shunt Placement

Vascular Calcifications

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

**Preface V**

Introduction **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

Pathophysiology **19**

**Chapter 2 21**

**Chapter 3 37**

**Chapter 4 45**

Hemodynamic **55**

**Chapter 5 57**

**Chapter 6 67**

Aging, Cerebrovascular Burden, and Cognitive Decline

Hemodynamics in Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms

*Zámečník Josef, Beneš Vladimír, Dragomir-Daescu Dan* 

Serum Homocysteine and Intracranial Aneurysms *by Mei-Ling Sharon Tai, Tsun Haw Toh, Hafez Hussain* 

*by Mehmet Erin Tüysüz and Mehmet Dedemoğlu*

*by Ravish Rajiv Keni, Harsh Deora and Amit Agrawal*

*by Sarah Wilson, Michael Crozier and Antonios El Helou*

Neuronavigated and Laparoscopic-Assisted Ventriculoperitoneal

*by Hejčl Aleš, Stratilová Mária, Švihlová Helena, Alena Sejkorová, Radovnický Tomáš, Hron Jaroslav, Feletti Alberto, Koblížek Miroslav,* 

operations and has experience in developing procedures and service standards of excellence. He has attended and participated in many international- and national-level symposiums and conferences and delivered lectures on vivid topics. He has published more than 750 articles in the medical field covering various topics in several national and international journals. His expertise is in identifying training needs, designing training modules, and executing the same while working with limited resources. He has excellent communication, presentation, and interpersonal skills with proven abilities in teaching and training for various academic and professional courses. Presently, he is working at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh (India).
