**Author details**

Xianquan Zhan1,2,3

1 University Creative Research Initiatives Center, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, China

2 Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China

3 State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China

\*Address all correspondence to: yjzhan2011@gmail.com

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**5**

*Introductory Chapter: Proteoforms*

[1] Zhan X, Li N, Zhan X, Qian S. Revival of 2DE-LC/MS in proteomics and its potential for large-scale study of human proteoforms. Med One. 2018;**3**:e180008. DOI: 10.20900/

[2] Jungblut PR, Holzhütter HG, Apweiler R, Schlüter H. The speciation

of the proteome. Chemistry Central Journal. 2008;**2**:16. DOI:

[3] Schlüter H, Apweiler R,

Holzhütter HG, Jungblut PR. Finding one's way in proteomics: A protein species nomenclature. Chemistry Central Journal. 2009;**3**:11. DOI:

[4] Zhan X, Long Y, Lu M. Exploration

metabolome for predictive diagnostics and personalized treatment algorithms: Innovative approach and examples for potential clinical application. Journal of Proteomics. 2018;**188**:30-40. DOI:

[5] Smith LM, Kelleher NL. Consortium for top down proteomics. Proteoform: A single term describing protein complexity. Nat. Methods. 2013;**10**(3):186-187. DOI: 10.1038/

[6] Zhan X, Li B, Zhan X, Schlüter H, Jungblut PR, Coorssen JR. Innovating the concept and practice of twodimensional gel electrophoresis in the analysis of proteomes at the proteoform level. Proteomes. 2019;**7**(4):36. DOI:

[7] Chaffer LV, Millikin RJ, Miller RM, Anderson LC, Fellers RT, Ge Y, et al. Identification and quantification of proteoforms by mass spectrometry. Proteomics. 2019;**19**(10):e1800361. DOI:

10.3390/proteomes7040036

10.1002/pmic.201800361

of variations in proteome and

10.1016/j.jprot.2017.08.020

nmeth.2369

10.1186/1752-153X-2-16

10.1186/1752-153X-3-11

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*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91403*

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[13] Zhan X, Yang H, Peng F, Li J, Mu Y, Long Y, et al. How many proteins can be identified in a 2-DE gel spot within an analysis of a complex human cancer tissue proteome? Electrophoresis. 2018;**39**:965-980. DOI: 10.1002/

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*Introductory Chapter: Proteoforms DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91403*
