**6. Conclusions**

The management of agricultural areas by traditional methods, the evaluation and processing of soil characteristics using traditional habits alone are not sufficient for the past, present situation and future productivity of the soil. Therefore, an evaluation of the tillage systems where soil tillage is appropriate to the management objectives and the effects on soil functions can be determined precisely. In determining the soil tillage system, the most suitable tillage system should be selected by evaluating the soil structure and quality, not only for the purpose of loosening and aerating the soil and destroying weeds. In order to compare soil management and processing systems, different indicators can be used in soil quality assessments according to soil conditions.

Today, the most important issue of researchers is the question of whether or not food can be produced enough to feed so many people in parallel with the rapidly increasing population. As a matter of fact, while focusing on this issue, it should not only be focused on the subject to feed of human, and should not be overlooked for the healthy and sustainable feeding. In particular, the non-cultivation agricultural system and protective agriculture in general are facing an ecologically and economically large potential for cultivated areas, whose productivity is decreasing day by day and becoming more open to erosion every day. On the other hand, the relationship between fertilizer, pesticide, tillage and crop rotation issues in sustainable systems and their effects on product yield and income should be well established.

According to most of the researches, agricultural production programs will begin to decrease as a result of rapid soil deterioration with the applied agricultural production programs, carbon balance will deteriorate and it will be difficult to obtain a healthy, sufficient and qualitative product in the not too distant future. Therefore, it is now necessary to increase the agricultural production in a way to protect nature and it is inevitable that sustainable agricultural techniques will be applied to reduce soil erosion, salinization, pollution of water resources and other damages. When planning production growth in agriculture, we are faced with the need and the necessity to develop new methods that guarantee natural resources instead of intensive input techniques, which cause irreversible microorganism losses in agricultural areas.

By applying the yield mapping system in agricultural production, it is necessary to determine the changes in the product characteristics in the land and thus the effective and economic planning of the amount of agricultural inputs to be used. In this direction, precision farming and variable rate applications are the most suitable methods to achieve maximum output by using the optimum and limited input. In contrast to traditional agricultural activities, this practice does not apply the amount of input to be applied to the field equal to each point, and applies variable rate according to the input maps created in line with the yield map. This application determines the need of appropriate input considering the specific conditions and the requirements of the land and weather conditions. Data maps are generated with the help of geospatial data, geographic information system (GIS) technologies and software which are acquired by various sensors on the harvesting machines. Drone and satellite technologies facilitate the creation of visuals that provide important information about land, soil and product structure. In this context, high resolution terrain and plant structure visuals, high resolution relief, slope and product maps can be obtained and thus it is possible to create drainage maps, to evaluate the effect of the slope factor in land efficiency and to obtain various data and base map that can be used in farm management.

Nowadays, with the introduction of Industry 4.0 technology, it is possible to reduce the costs of using natural resources at the required level by ensuring the communication of objects in agriculture. Similarly, all the factors necessary for production with smart systems in the farm are analyzed and presented to the manufacturer simultaneously. With the machines that are in contact with each other and working synchronously, a quick decision can be taken, resource wastage is prevented and quality products are produced. With systems equipped with digital sensors, it is aimed to maximize productivity by providing detailed and real-time information such as the type and amount of fertilizer to be given to the regions, weather conditions, plant mineral need, irrigation time, soil condition, estimated harvest time. Workload and cost are reduced with machines that work together and work synchronously. The producer is given the opportunity to manage and observe the whole farm from a tablet or telephone and by reducing the labor force, efficient, fun, high quality and natural production facilities are created.

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**Author details**

Koç Mehmet Tuğrul

Sugar Institute, Ankara, Turkey

provided the original work is properly cited.

\*Address all correspondence to: kmtugrul@yahoo.com

© 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

*Soil Management in Sustainable Agriculture DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88319* *Soil Management in Sustainable Agriculture DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88319*

*Sustainable Crop Production*

in agricultural areas.

can be used in farm management.

According to most of the researches, agricultural production programs will begin to decrease as a result of rapid soil deterioration with the applied agricultural production programs, carbon balance will deteriorate and it will be difficult to obtain a healthy, sufficient and qualitative product in the not too distant future. Therefore, it is now necessary to increase the agricultural production in a way to protect nature and it is inevitable that sustainable agricultural techniques will be applied to reduce soil erosion, salinization, pollution of water resources and other damages. When planning production growth in agriculture, we are faced with the need and the necessity to develop new methods that guarantee natural resources instead of intensive input techniques, which cause irreversible microorganism losses

By applying the yield mapping system in agricultural production, it is necessary

to determine the changes in the product characteristics in the land and thus the effective and economic planning of the amount of agricultural inputs to be used. In this direction, precision farming and variable rate applications are the most suitable methods to achieve maximum output by using the optimum and limited input. In contrast to traditional agricultural activities, this practice does not apply the amount of input to be applied to the field equal to each point, and applies variable rate according to the input maps created in line with the yield map. This application determines the need of appropriate input considering the specific conditions and the requirements of the land and weather conditions. Data maps are generated with the help of geospatial data, geographic information system (GIS) technologies and software which are acquired by various sensors on the harvesting machines. Drone and satellite technologies facilitate the creation of visuals that provide important information about land, soil and product structure. In this context, high resolution terrain and plant structure visuals, high resolution relief, slope and product maps can be obtained and thus it is possible to create drainage maps, to evaluate the effect of the slope factor in land efficiency and to obtain various data and base map that

Nowadays, with the introduction of Industry 4.0 technology, it is possible to reduce the costs of using natural resources at the required level by ensuring the communication of objects in agriculture. Similarly, all the factors necessary for production with smart systems in the farm are analyzed and presented to the manufacturer simultaneously. With the machines that are in contact with each other and working synchronously, a quick decision can be taken, resource wastage is prevented and quality products are produced. With systems equipped with digital sensors, it is aimed to maximize productivity by providing detailed and real-time information such as the type and amount of fertilizer to be given to the regions, weather conditions, plant mineral need, irrigation time, soil condition, estimated harvest time. Workload and cost are reduced with machines that work together and work synchronously. The producer is given the opportunity to manage and observe the whole farm from a tablet or telephone and by reducing the labor force, efficient,

fun, high quality and natural production facilities are created.

**122**
