**4.6 Crop rotation/diversity**

It is the process of producing various products in the field one after the other from year to year respectively. Thus, different parts of the soil are utilized with different products, and pests and diseases that are specific to each product are prevented from spreading.

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*Soil Management in Sustainable Agriculture DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88319*

Intensive or traditional agriculture causes physical and chemical degradation of soil, loss of organic matter, reduced biological activity in the soil and consequently a decrease in crop production. On the contrary, the method of sustainable agriculture envisages a sustainable and profitable farming system based on three basic rules, including soil-free agriculture, continuous soil surface covered with plant or plant

Fertilization, which constitutes 10–15% of the costs of agricultural inputs, is critical for increasing product productivity by up to 50%. The application time and method are of great importance in the fertilization process which is applied to soil in order to meet the basic nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium etc.) which are not enough in agricultural soils. Data's such as climate and weather conditions, soil characteristics and product types are important in determining the appropriate fertilization time.

Mechanization tools that reduce labor requirements in agriculture generally use fossil fuels. Nowadays, the use of fossil fuel energies directly or indirectly in agriculture has not been economically profitable for producers. In developing countries, large amounts of fossil fuels are used in agricultural production, in particular fertilizer production and machinery use. It is not possible to carry out modern agricultural production processes without using fuel. However, the use of combined agricultural tools and machinery in one pass and the use of renewable energy sources instead of fossil fuels will reduce both the cost of fuel in agriculture and reduce the carbon emissions and make the agriculture sensitive to the environment.

Effective irrigation is possible by determining the optimum water amount using different parameters such as soil humidity, effective precipitation rate and evapotranspiration and by determining the correct irrigation time with climate, weather forecasts and real-time weather data. In this way, effective and economical irrigation will be provided by protecting the limited water resources and the environmental and agricultural negative effects of leaching, salinity and fungal diseases

Agricultural ponds are important water sources for irrigated areas. These structures collect water from small sources and allow for efficient storage and use of

Sustainable land management includes many components. The multiplicity of components and the different prescriptions are due to the delicate but complex structure of the method and its applications. According to the FESLM: An

large flow rates when needed and help to regulate water flow.

**4.7 No-till/conservation tillage**

debris, and crop rotation [7, 8].

**4.9 Reducing fuel use**

**4.10 Irrigation**

caused by excess water will be prevented.

**5. Sustainable soil management**

**4.11 Water storage ponds**

**4.8 Precision nutrient management**
