Source, Mobility and Fate Processes

**Chapter 1**

**Abstract**

discussed.

soil, particles

**3**

**1. Introduction**

Data Mining for Source

*Yao Shan and Jianjun Shi*

in Water and Solid Matrix

Apportionment of Trace Elements

Trace elements migrate among different environment bodies with the natural geochemical reactions, and impacted by human industrial, agricultural, and civil activities. High load of trace elements in water, river and lake sediment, soil and air particle lead to potential to health of human being and ecological system. To control the impact on environment, source apportionment is a meaningful, and also a challenging task. Traditional methods to make source apportionment are usually based on geochemical techniques, or univariate analysis techniques. In recently years, the methods of multivariate analysis, and the related concepts data mining, machine learning, big data, are developing fast, which provide a novel route that combing the geochemical and data mining techniques together. These methods have been proved successful to deal with the source apportionment issue. In this chapter, the data mining methods used on this topic and implementations in recent years are reviewed. The basic method includes principal component analysis, factor analysis, clustering analysis, positive matrix fractionation, decision tree, Bayesian network, artificial neural network, etc. Source apportionment of trace elements in surface water, ground water, river and lake sediment, soil, air particles, dust are

**Keywords:** trace elements, data mining, source apportionment, water, sediment,

On the issue of trace element contamination of environment, the trace elements refer to the elements with lower concentrations than the major elements, O, H, Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Ti, which are usually take no more than 1% in rocks and minerals. The trace elements have attracting wide research attentions for their high potential on environmental contamination and health impact. In some articles, the phase heavy metals are frequently used to represent elements that have high density or is toxic or poisonous at low concentrations. From the view of environmental impact, the phases trace elements and heavy metals refer to similar research objects, which are used as group name for metals and metalloids that have been associated with contamination of water, river sediment, soil and air particles and potential toxicity and ecotoxicity. In this chapter, the phase trace elements (TEs) are used to present the elements that may cause contamination and health problems, and
