**3. Functional methacrylates from α-chloro-N-arylacetamides**

## **3.1 Synthesis of α-chloro-N-arylacetamide**

Synthesis of α-chloro-N-arylacetamide is as follows: potassium carbonate (K2CO3) (0.1 mol) and arylamine (1 mol) and are dissolved in 30 mL of anhydrous benzene. The reaction mixture is taken in a three-neck round bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer, thermometer, and cooled to 0°C. After then chloroacetyl chloride (1.1 mol) are added dropwise to the solution and stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The organic layer is washed several times with diethyl ether and separation phase is filtered and dried over MgSO4. α-Chloro-N-arylacetamide is crystallized from methanol. Yield: 80%. The synthesis reaction path is given in **Figure 2.**

The structure of the compoundα-chloro-N-arylacetamide is identified by the FT-IR techniques. FT-IR (cm<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup> ): 3340 (NH); 3100–2800 (C─H); 1680 (>C═O); 1580 (aromatic, C═C) [36, 37].

**Figure 2.**

*Synthesis route of α-chloro-N-arylacetamide.*

#### **3.2 Synthesis of arylamido methyl methacrylate**

Arylamido methyl methacrylate is synthesized as follows: 1.1 mol sodium methacrylate, 1 mol α-chloroacetamide, 0.1 mol NaI, and 0.1 mol TEBAC as catalyst are stirred in 100 mL acetonitrile at 80°C in a reflux condenser for 24 h in the presence of 100 ppm hydroquinone as the inhibitor. Then the solution is cooled to room temperature and neutralized with a 5% KOH solution. The organic layer is washed a few times with water, and the water layer is washed with diethyl ether several times. The diethyl ether layer and acetonitrile layer are aggregated and dried over anhydrous MgSO4 overnight. Diethyl ether and acetonitrile are evaporated. The organic layers are collected and the residue was distilled at 130°C at 5 mmHg to give a colorless liquid. (Yield: 80%). The synthesis reaction path is given in **Figure 3**.

The structure of the monomer is confirmed by the FT-IR and 1 H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopic techniques. FT-IR (cm<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup> ): 3325 (NH); 3100–2800 (C─H); 1680 (>C═O); 1630 (CH2═C); 1580 (aromatic, C═C); 1230 (C─O─C). <sup>1</sup> H-NMR (CDCl3, TMS): 9.1 (N-H); 8.0–6.7 (aromatics-H); 6.3–5.43 (CH2═C); 1.8 (CH3). 13C-NMR (CDCl3, TMS): 157.1–113.4 (aromatics-C); 134.4–124.2 (CH2═C); 168.1 (>C═O); 18.1 (CH3) [38, 39].

#### **3.3 Synthesis of polymer resin**

Arylamido methyl methacrylate-co-divinylbenzene polymer resin is prepared by copolymerizing of arylamido methyl methacrylate monomer (3.0 mmol) and divinylbenzene (3.0 mmol) as a crosslinker. The polymer resin is designed by the free radical solution polymerization technique in 1,4-dioxane and in a 50 mL sealed pyrex polymerization tube. The azobisisobutironitrile, AIBN is used at a 1:1 molar ratio as initiator. The reaction mixture is processed with nitrogen gas for 5 min in the polymerization tube and in an oil bath heated at 70 ± 1°C for 5 h. Later reaction, the formed polymer resin was kept at 25°C for cooling. The polymer resin was washed with ultra high pressure water, n-hexane and ultra high pressure water, respectively and then dried under vacuum at 40°C. The synthesis reaction path is given in **Figure 4**.

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**73**

2 to 10 mL min<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>

*New Methods in the Synthesis of (Meth)Acrylamides and Application Chelating Resin…*

**4. Optimization of enrichment separation methods**

*Synthesis route of arylamido methyl methacrylate monomer resin.*

matrix components are examined.

**4.1 Effect of pH**

**Figure 4.**

pH 3–5 with 1 mol L<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>

CH3COONH4/CH3COOH.

**4.3 Effect of flow rates of solutions**

In the optimization of the methods used in the studies, to the recovery value of the elements to be determined parameters such as pH, amount of carrier element, amount of complexing agent or precipitating reagent, sample volume and effect of

The effect of pH on the precipitation of the studied trace elements such as Ni (II), Co (II), Cu (II), Mn (II), Cd (II), Zn (II), Pb (II) is investigated. The pH value plays an important role in the adsorption of sorbent-related ions and affects the state of sorption of heavy metals. Enrichment of metal ions pH effect is generally examined in the range of 1–8. Binding of analytes to the synthesized polymer resin in solid phase extraction (SPE) is known to be dependent on the pH of the samples solution. The pH value for quantitative SPE of the analytes is fixed by measurements of analytes in final solutions.

of CH3COONa/CH3COOH, pH 6–8 with 1 mol L<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>

of KCl/HCl,

of

All of the buffer solutions are prepared the pH 1–2 with 1 mol L<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>

**4.2 The effect of concentrations of eluents on the efficiency of analytes**

Elution of metals from the column is carried out using acids. The influences of various eluents on the recoveries of analytes are usually examined using 1, 2 and 3 M from each of HCl, HNO3 and H2SO4 and 10, 20, and 25 mL of these acid solutions.

The contact time between the analytes and the complexing agent is the effect the recoveries of the analytes and the SPE time. This contact time is supplied to flow rate of the sample. The samples flow rates are usually examined in the range from

time between the analytes and the adsorbent. In order to achieve good precision,

. The increase of sample flow rate, which reduces the interaction

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88685*

**Figure 3.** *Synthesis route of arylamido methyl methacrylate monomer.*

*New Methods in the Synthesis of (Meth)Acrylamides and Application Chelating Resin… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88685*

**Figure 4.** *Synthesis route of arylamido methyl methacrylate monomer resin.*
