*5.2.1 PANI nanocomposites for adsorption of dyes*

Wang et al. [34] reported PANI/α-ZrP for the removal of methyl orange (MO) cationic dye. It was demonstrated by **Figure 7d** that the nanocomposite (5 mg) had high removal efficiency capacity at pH 4 and 25°C for 100 mg/L MO solution. The monolayer maximum adsorption capacity was obtained to be 377 mg/g. Tanzifi et al. [46] reported PANI/SiO2 nanocomposite for the removal of amido black 10B. The obtained Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity was 42.24 mg/g at pH 2, 25°C and 30 mg/L for a 100 mg adsorbent dose. Gharbani [37] reported PANI/tin(II)molybdophosphate for the removal of malachite green (MG). It was demonstrated that the removal efficiency was 93% for 50 mg/L of MG at pH 10 and the adsorption process followed Freundlich isotherm model. In another study, Ballav et al. [72] synthesised PANI coated ligno-cellulose composite (PLC) via in-situ polymerisation of aniline monomer for the removal of Reactive Black 5 (RB-5) from aqueous solutions. The authors reported that the equilibrium adsorption isotherm studies revealed that the Langmuir isotherm provided the best fit with monolayer adsorption capacity of 312 mg/g. The Maity's research group also reported the use of PANI-coated ligninbased adsorbent for the uptake of reactive dye eosin yellow (EY) from aqueous solution [73]. The adsorption capability of the adsorbent was found to be more effective than the unmodified adsorbent at lower pH.


### **Table 3.**

*Some of the PANI based nanocomposites for dye adsorption.*
