**Abstract**

The appearance of multidrug-resistant bacteria is challenging the research community to find new antimicrobial agents. The problem is exacerbated because of the lack of new antibiotics and an uncontrolled use of antibiotics in the human and husbandry health. All these factors contributed to the development of more resistant pathogenic bacteria, which is alarming the health systems. In this chapter, the problems related to the lack of R&D in the development of new antibiotics in pharmaceutical companies as well as the misuse of antibiotics will be discussed. In addition, the new avenues of research in the development of new antimicrobial entities will be also examined.

**Keywords:** antibiotics, multidrug-resistant bacteria, antibiotic misuse, bacteriocins, bacteriophages, antibacterial peptides, nanoparticles
