*2.2.4 EBM tooling*

Arcam provides technology to manufacture completely solid metal elements with electron beam melting (EBM). Parts layer by layer are made by the EBM technology using strong electron beam (4 kW power), which melts metal powder. The use of EBM method performed in a vacuum provides users with stress relaxed components with better mechanical, chemical, and material properties the casting and forming.

The method depends on the use of high-level energy thanks to its ability to provide high fusion ability and high productivity. The EBM method is mainly developed in order to process refractory as well as resistant materials (tantalum, niobium, molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, hafnium, zirconium, titanium) and alloys thereof. It is defined primarily by not only high-speed manufacturing but also complicated geometries of elements with comparable mechanical characteristics to heat-treated products [7].
