**4. Determining the integrative role of geometric modeling in tools' PLM for manufacturing**

Modern manufacturing is base on CALS-technology (Continuous Acquisition and Lifecycle Support) or PLM-technology (information support of the product lifecycle management processes) by use the information science and communication technologies. PLM is an approach to design engineering and manufacturing high-tech and scientifically based product, concluding in use the information science and computer technology on all stages of the product lifecycle [23].

This aspect is actual in condition of developing countries like Uzbekistan, where using these technologies in manufacturing is considering as innovative process. One of the problems of this process is adaptation of these technologies on manufacturing, that is, transfer of engineering data into the PLM system, by integrating it with CAD/CAE/CAM systems, using the product's engineering database on base of PDM-technology (product data management).

The product's engineering data can be divided into three groups: constructive, functional, and technological. Let us consider the constructive data, which can be call also geometric data, that is necessary for the integration CAD and PDM

*Application the Geometric Modeling Methods and Systems in Design Engineering… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89974*

**Figure 11.** *Types and levels of geometric data information for design engineering.*

systems. The product's geometric data is used not only in the company where it is produced, but also at all stages of product lifecycle from designing to manufacturing and post-manufacturing. Therefore creating the geometric database, which consist from the using different forms of geometric data (**Figure 11**), is very important in product lifecycle.

Product lifecycle includes period from origin necessity for creating the product up to its liquidations in consequence exhaustion of consumer characteristic. Primary stages of product lifecycle are selecting four main stages: designing, manufacturing, technical exploiting, and utilizing.

Though lifecycles of old and new product always formed unceasing cycle, because of not bright images, traditional lifecycles of each product were considered separately; whose initial stage is a designing but final salvaging. However, author founding on his conducting researches, offers to consider that beginning of PLM from creation an instrument from stone, bones, and wood by primitive man. Today someone cannot reject that base of modern industrial robot is an instruments of the stone age, so the end of "old" product is a beginning of "new" product. The present production conditions, in which production design steel is playing one of solving roles, relationship between "old" and "new" products in their lifecycle become reveals itself all more brighter. Coming from author offers separate stage of the designing on two: conceptual and engineering design. The conceptual design stage is based on the geometric modeling and it is closing stage of the product lifecycle having causal relationship between "post-manufacturing" (maintenance-utilizing) and "designing" stages. In current manufacturing conditions, geometric modeling has become the primary method and facility of the designing. At this stage, the product will designed on base of the relationships between exhaustion of consumer properties of an old product and necessity to creation a new (innovative) product.

The need for geometric data is at all stages of the life cycle of the product, especially at the initial stage, at the stage of "conceptual design". The Geometric Database created at this stage is directly or indirectly applied and at the subsequent stages of the product lifecycle, by integration CAD and PDM systems. It is necessary to note requirement to create "new product" basically it is formed in maintenance step of "old" product. Because at this stage, it is not only the Geometric data of "old" product in maintenance but also arises Geometric Data of "new" product in designing.

For example, let us consider the creation of Geometric Database in agriculture engineering tools manufacturing, which are necessary for enterprises participating in their products lifecycle [19, 23–26]. Creating this Database requires review, classification, and analysis of relevant information about agricultural machinery tools from geometric standpoint. This will enable us to identify the general and individual geometric features of these tools which will assists all participants in the lifecycle of data management in this process (**Figure 12**). The author is currently conducting research on the development of theoretical foundations and practical aspects of geometric modeling of agricultural machinery tools. Based on the results of the research models, algorithms and methods of designing these tools with moldboard surface by geometric modeling have been developed.

**4. Determining the integrative role of geometric modeling in tools' PLM**

**Proposed model G2 by B**

For horizontal turn plow. Moldboard type–partial body. Working surface—geometrical

Plowshare (1), breast (2), right (3) and left (4) wings.

combined.

**Proposed model G3 by B and F**

For horizontal turn plow. Moldboard type–partial body. Working surface—geometrical combined. Plowshare (1), main breast (2), right (3) and left (4) ancillary breast, right (5) and left

(6) wings.

**and E**

Modern manufacturing is base on CALS-technology (Continuous Acquisition and Lifecycle Support) or PLM-technology (information support of the product lifecycle management processes) by use the information science and communication technologies. PLM is an approach to design engineering and manufacturing high-tech and scientifically based product, concluding in use the information sci-

This aspect is actual in condition of developing countries like Uzbekistan, where using these technologies in manufacturing is considering as innovative process. One of the problems of this process is adaptation of these technologies on manufacturing, that is, transfer of engineering data into the PLM system, by integrating it with CAD/CAE/CAM systems, using the product's engineering database on base of

The product's engineering data can be divided into three groups: constructive, functional, and technological. Let us consider the constructive data, which can be call also geometric data, that is necessary for the integration CAD and PDM

ence and computer technology on all stages of the product lifecycle [23].

PDM-technology (product data management).

**for manufacturing**

**Proposed model G1 by B**

*Design and Manufacturing*

Plow for one side turning. Moldboard type–partial body. Working surface—geometrical

Plowshare (1), breast (2), wing

*Description the design of proposed moldboard's models.*

*Improving and proposing the moldboard designing directions.*

combined.

(3).

**Table 6.**

**Figure 10.**

**224**

**and D**

2. System components: *В1*–*"Jurisdictional HEI (Higher Educational Institutions)"*, *В2*–*"Jurisdictional Research Institutes"*, *В3*–*"Jurisdictional Design Offices"*, *С1–"Agricultural machinery industry plants"*, *С21*–*"Repair and engineering workshops"*, *С22*–*"Tractor parks"*, *С23*–*"Farm enterprises"*. Offered component

3. System levels: *1-National, 2-Regional, 3-Sub regional, 4-District, and 5-Sub*

connections along designing the project, *b*–consecutive outside (*output*) connections for implementation the project, *c*–reverse outside (*input*)


The proposed constructive geometric model of moldboard's working surface, allows to develop the multifunctional tools applicable in agricultural engineering, road building, mining, municipal service, and others branches of machinery. Parameterization of the moldboard's working surface facilitates the designer's work, expands the options for choosing the under developing moldboard's working surface and allows effectively to solve the constructive problems. The integration role of geometric modeling methods, systems, and applications allows efficiently apply them not only in design engineering process, and also in manufacturing processes of technical means. Creating the product's geometric database by CAD technologies became one of the necessary tasks of manufacturing, particularly engineering products. In contemporary conditions of using CALS technologies, "conceptual design" stage of innovative product by methods and facilities of geometric modeling is defining stage of the product lifecycle. So this application has signification in PLM, because geometric data will apply in all stages of PLM by geometric modeling methods, applications, and systems. The visualization of design-project process allows to develop the new production according to designing, manufacturing, and maintenance criterions. Effective use of these methods allows to reduce terms, labor, and material expenses of design process of new product. All figures and tables are produced by the author. All chapter materials are results of author researches, conducting in doctoral studies period by sponsorships of Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agriculture Mechanization Engineers and Bukhara Institute of Engineering Technology [27].

: *a*–inside system

–*"Design office on geometric modeling"*;

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89974*

connections for correction the project;

4. System connections between components along cluster *В*<sup>0</sup>

*Application the Geometric Modeling Methods and Systems in Design Engineering…*

*В1*<sup>0</sup>

5.*a*<sup>0</sup>

**227**

cluster *В*<sup>0</sup>

**5. Conclusions**

;

*district*;

**Figure 12.** *Integration role of geometric modeling methods and systems in PLM.*

**Figure 13.** *Design engineering cluster's framework in agriculture.*

As a result, sufficient information was collected to create a geometric database in different forms. It is possible to allocate following forms of the geometrical (graphic) data (information): verbal, graphical, parametric, algorithmic, 2D and 3D model, procedural.

Procedural data as manual using data can include all forms of geometric data. On base of research results, author worked out project-model of "Innovation cluster for design engineering and manufacturing in Agriculture engineering," when geometric modeling methods, applications, and systems play one of basic role (**Figure 13**). Framework of innovative cluster developed by system analyze of design engineering and manufacturing in Agriculture machinery tools PLM on view point of geometric modeling. In this cluster:

1.System framework: Over system *А–"Government"*; Systems *В*–*"University"* and *С*–*"Industry"*; Subsystems *С1–"Producer"* and *С2–"Customer"*; Offered subsystem *В*0 –*"Innovative cluster on designing in agricultural machinery industry";*

*Application the Geometric Modeling Methods and Systems in Design Engineering… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89974*


### **5. Conclusions**

The proposed constructive geometric model of moldboard's working surface, allows to develop the multifunctional tools applicable in agricultural engineering, road building, mining, municipal service, and others branches of machinery. Parameterization of the moldboard's working surface facilitates the designer's work, expands the options for choosing the under developing moldboard's working surface and allows effectively to solve the constructive problems. The integration role of geometric modeling methods, systems, and applications allows efficiently apply them not only in design engineering process, and also in manufacturing processes of technical means. Creating the product's geometric database by CAD technologies became one of the necessary tasks of manufacturing, particularly engineering products. In contemporary conditions of using CALS technologies, "conceptual design" stage of innovative product by methods and facilities of geometric modeling is defining stage of the product lifecycle. So this application has signification in PLM, because geometric data will apply in all stages of PLM by geometric modeling methods, applications, and systems. The visualization of design-project process allows to develop the new production according to designing, manufacturing, and maintenance criterions. Effective use of these methods allows to reduce terms, labor, and material expenses of design process of new product. All figures and tables are produced by the author. All chapter materials are results of author researches, conducting in doctoral studies period by sponsorships of Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agriculture Mechanization Engineers and Bukhara Institute of Engineering Technology [27].

As a result, sufficient information was collected to create a geometric database in

Procedural data as manual using data can include all forms of geometric data. On base of research results, author worked out project-model of "Innovation cluster for design engineering and manufacturing in Agriculture engineering," when geometric modeling methods, applications, and systems play one of basic role (**Figure 13**). Framework of innovative cluster developed by system analyze of design engineering and manufacturing in Agriculture machinery tools PLM on view point of

1.System framework: Over system *А–"Government"*; Systems *В*–*"University"* and *С*–*"Industry"*; Subsystems *С1–"Producer"* and *С2–"Customer"*; Offered subsystem

–*"Innovative cluster on designing in agricultural machinery industry";*

(graphic) data (information): verbal, graphical, parametric, algorithmic, 2D and 3D

different forms. It is possible to allocate following forms of the geometrical

model, procedural.

**Figure 13.**

**Figure 12.**

*Design and Manufacturing*

*Integration role of geometric modeling methods and systems in PLM.*

*В*0

**226**

geometric modeling. In this cluster:

*Design engineering cluster's framework in agriculture.*

*Design and Manufacturing*
