**2.2 Direct methods of rapid tooling**

All the past AM techniques mentioned include indirect production of a master model producing the tool. The time required to manufacture and complete its pattern is one of the major issues with the manufacturing tool. Moreover, such replication methods can still cause increase in inaccuracies. As a result, although the most of direct tooling techniques have constraints, corporations ask directly produced tooling.

Applying additive "layer manufacturing" methods, further properties may get included in the item, which cannot be acquired with conventional tooling techniques. Conformal heating (or cooling) channels provide the system with the ability to heat or cool the exact points needed, and it is the most critical property of it. It is shown that conformal channels could result with the reduction in cycle times of injection molding by up to 40% [6].
