**2. Physical models in industrial design**

Industrial designers have been using physical models in the design process in many ways. What started off as a means to portray form and aesthetics in a threedimensional format, physical models have evolved to be used for many intentions and purposes during the different stages of design. Towards the mid-1980s, the design process was more stabilised with distinctive and accepted stages as ideas progressed through as shown by the simplified diagram in **Figure 4**.

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**Figure 8.**

**Figure 7.**

**Figure 6.**

*2db12.jpg).*

*Full scale mock up model.*

presented as shown in **Figure 8**.

During Stage 4 of the design process shown in **Figure 4**, many times, full scale appearance model is presented to the client/audience which shows the exterior details in full including colour, texture and graphics as seen in **Figure 7**. It is a common practice to present more than one concept, hence more than one full scale mock up models are presented. In the case of vehicle/car design, scale models are

*Clay modelling in full scale (source: https://i.pinimg.com/originals/40/fa/22/40fa22a8d8120cceed06deeb030*

*Mock up model of electric scooter (source: https://www.designideas.pics/porter/).*

*Rapid Physical Models: A New Phase in Industrial Design*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88788*
