**1.4 Optimization of industrial processes**

*Concepts, Applications and Emerging Opportunities in Industrial Engineering*

computer system and a specialized database.

**1.3 Computer integrated manufacturing**

quality indices and reducing fails and errors. With this software, was made previous simulations very easy that supported to determine the types of adequate workstation to any type of workers. This modeling software allowed knowing the operation of new designs workstations and determine the most efficient, of by applying integrated manufacturing tools by computer that is showed in **Figure 3**. The ICT are very useful in the automation of industrial processes, such as the one used in this study, with a coupling system with the computer and a specialized database [11]. Manufacturing processes were found to improve productivity and quality rates with automated electronic systems controlled by ICT. The COSIMIR software that can be evaluated objects and figures in 3D, has been very utilized from the late twentieth century in educational activities and investigation laboratories, and in industries this software began to use in industries and in the last 10 years was increased its use. It is a friendly software to students and was generated a great interest to be utilized in some industrial activities. The ICT are very useful in the automation of industrial processes, such is showed in this investigation with a docking system between a

There are countless industrial processes that are the main structure of the activities of industrial plants, and are constituided of automated and manual operations, which use the Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) processes. The functions that are performed manually are developed in assembly lines and in worktables, where they are grouped by manufacturing cells. In all industrial processes there are relevant factors that improve quality and tend to increase productivity, applying process optimization methods. This generates competitiveness in industrial companies. One factor is the safety and comfort of the operating personnel who elaborate

*View of an industrial process with robot using the COSIMIR software. Source: http://www.ene.ttu.ee/*

*elektriajamid/oppeinfo/materjal/AAR0040/Pt31\_COSIMIR\_Educational.pdf*

**162**

**Figure 3.**

The operation of industrial plants is made up of tasks with decision-making at the different hierarchy levels, such as planning and scheduling, in addition to optimization and control. Increasing competition from any type of industry requires an operation to have a more agile distribution of manufacturing areas, in order to increase productivity with flexible operations, generating a decrease in the total cost of production [12]. This requires optimization in various industrial processes of the manufacturing areas, applying two essential techniques such as real-time optimization (OTR) and optimization represented by a mathematical model in steady-state conditions and with linear or non-linear equations of industrial processes [13, 14]. In both cases, there are certain limitations to achievable flexibility and economic benefit, especially when considering the use of dynamic processes as continuous processes and with batch operations. In the industries it is common to use control systems based on the feedback of the output variables with the Proportional, Integral and Derivative (PID) controls. A representation of manufacturing processes is in **Figure 5**.

#### **Figure 4.**

*Area which is controlled by computer the industrial processes. Source: Photography of manufacturing area of a biomedical industry in Mexicali.*

**Figure 5.**

*Schematic diagram of manufacturing area in the electronic industry in Mexicali. Source: Analysis of the investigation.*
