**4. Methodology**

The current operations schedule of ACBSE has faced many challenges in its schedule busses assignment for each route. The enterprise uses a scheduling system that operates from 6:30 to 20:30. As shown in **Table 1** below, The enterprise has a fixed scheduling system, which means, the number of busses allowed on each route remains constant irrespective of the commuters' demand. In reality, however, the number of busses in each route should have been varied and can be determined based on the commuters' demand distribution. These approaches have made some busses moving empty while others being congested and resulting in capacity loss to the enterprise and bad service to passengers.

The enterprise occasionally involves additional busses on few routes during peak hours to overcome the challenges. Due to the absence of records for such decisions, therefore, in this study, the fixed number of busses assigned on each route is only considered as a basis for benchmarking.

### **5. Data collection**

The data were collected only on the 93 routes that have been used by the enterprise for more than a decade. The data includes route performances, number of passengers served per route, the total trips made, revenue generated, running cost, and distance traveled. Moreover, data were also collected concerning the number of busses, bus capacity, average bus travel time, the length of each route, and working hours. The data were analyzed and organized per shift per route basis for validation purposes. The operating shifts, the time interval for each shift, and the passengers demand proportion per shift are reported in **Table 2**.

As per the report of the company, the enterprise has 534 busses and transported about 640, 000 passengers per day in 125 routes. In addition to these, the enterprise covers about 138 km and makes 61.50 trips per day [32]. In this study, it is also possible to classify the enterprise schedules in four shifts, i.e. peak hour and offpeak-hour schedules. These are two peaks and two off-peak periods during the services time (from 6:30 to 21:00). The morning peaks are from 6:30–9:30 and 15:30–19:30, while the off-peaks are also in the morning and afternoon shift. The details are reported in **Table 2**.

The demand proportion has also distributed within the four shifts. In the morning peak hour, the enterprises serve about 40% of the daily passengers. In the second peak-passengers' demand occurs in the evening shift shares about 35% of total passengers. The other periods are the first and the second off-peak shift which *Linear Programming Optimization Techniques for Addis Ababa Public Bus Transport DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93629*


#### **Table 2.**

**4. Methodology**

**Table 1.**

**5. Data collection**

details are reported in **Table 2**.

**142**

the enterprise and bad service to passengers.

*The fixed number of busses assigned on selected routes (as of 2011).*

considered as a basis for benchmarking.

The current operations schedule of ACBSE has faced many challenges in its schedule busses assignment for each route. The enterprise uses a scheduling system that operates from 6:30 to 20:30. As shown in **Table 1** below, The enterprise has a fixed scheduling system, which means, the number of busses allowed on each route remains constant irrespective of the commuters' demand. In reality, however, the number of busses in each route should have been varied and can be determined based on the commuters' demand distribution. These approaches have made some busses moving empty while others being congested and resulting in capacity loss to

**Route No. Origin(local Name) Destination (local Name) No. of busses Kms** Megenagna Kara 2.00 7.70 Kore Mekanisa Addis Ketema 4.00 11.10 Ayertena Minilik Square 8.00 10.80 Haliti Addis Ketema 5.00 19.40 Bole Bulbula Megenagna 2.00 15.20

*Concepts, Applications and Emerging Opportunities in Industrial Engineering*

**Total 36.00 132.80**

The enterprise occasionally involves additional busses on few routes during peak hours to overcome the challenges. Due to the absence of records for such decisions, therefore, in this study, the fixed number of busses assigned on each route is only

The data were collected only on the 93 routes that have been used by the enterprise for more than a decade. The data includes route performances, number of passengers served per route, the total trips made, revenue generated, running cost, and distance traveled. Moreover, data were also collected concerning the number of busses, bus capacity, average bus travel time, the length of each route, and working hours. The data were analyzed and organized per shift per route basis for validation purposes. The operating shifts, the time interval for each shift, and

As per the report of the company, the enterprise has 534 busses and transported about 640, 000 passengers per day in 125 routes. In addition to these, the enterprise covers about 138 km and makes 61.50 trips per day [32]. In this study, it is also possible to classify the enterprise schedules in four shifts, i.e. peak hour and offpeak-hour schedules. These are two peaks and two off-peak periods during the services time (from 6:30 to 21:00). The morning peaks are from 6:30–9:30 and 15:30–19:30, while the off-peaks are also in the morning and afternoon shift. The

The demand proportion has also distributed within the four shifts. In the morn-

ing peak hour, the enterprises serve about 40% of the daily passengers. In the second peak-passengers' demand occurs in the evening shift shares about 35% of total passengers. The other periods are the first and the second off-peak shift which

the passengers demand proportion per shift are reported in **Table 2**.

*Demand proportion and duration of each shift.*

occurs after the morning peak and the evening peak shift in which 20% and 5% for the demand proportion is allocated respectively.
