**5. Conclusion**

Production industries have shifted from one paradigm to another for the last couple of decades, starting from craft production, mass production, customization production, and personalized production. The growing later paradigm would cover the goals and strategies of a previous paradigm and will involve more reactive production systems. Fluctuating product demands and dynamic market environment in personalized production has resulted in the development of RMS, which are able to react and adapt to frequent changes while maintaining the flexibility of FMS.

The importance of changeability in production systems has been well recognized and applied for many years. Since then, several research activities have been conducted to fulfill the needs of changeability. At an operational level, a lot of activities are focused on physical and logical reconfiguration including reconfigurable

**183**

*Revolution of Production System for the Industry 4.0 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90772*

material handling systems. Interfaces between mechanical structures have been studied for easy-to-use and plug-and-producible concept, and construction kits for modular material handling systems have been developed to realize the concept. A conceptual framework of reconfigurable conveyor system that supports physical

*The identified gap between current production systems and the Industry 4.0 concept.*

ing the autonomy and changeability of the production system. In line with the Industry 4.0, Artificial Intelligence and Cyber-Physical System technologies also need to be implemented for the enhancement of the conceptual framework. Strong interdisciplinary activities in this research field are, therefore, to be anticipated in

Future fields of research in production engineering will focus greatly on enhanc-

The author are pleased to acknowledge the financial and administrative support from Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka and the Minister of Education (MOE), Malaysia under the FRGS/1/2014/TK01/FKP/03/F00229 Research grant project entitles "A novel concept of reconfigurable material handling systems to support changeability in manufacturing". Special thanks also go to all the researchers who

and logical reconfiguration is introduced.

the next few years.

**Figure 14.**

**Acknowledgements**

contributed to the research.

*Revolution of Production System for the Industry 4.0 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90772*

#### **Figure 14.**

*Mass Production Processes*

**182**

**5. Conclusion**

*The revolution of the production industry.*

**Figure 13.**

Production industries have shifted from one paradigm to another for the last couple of decades, starting from craft production, mass production, customization production, and personalized production. The growing later paradigm would cover the goals and strategies of a previous paradigm and will involve more reactive production systems. Fluctuating product demands and dynamic market environment in personalized production has resulted in the development of RMS, which are able to react and adapt to frequent changes while maintaining the flexibility of FMS.

The importance of changeability in production systems has been well recognized and applied for many years. Since then, several research activities have been conducted to fulfill the needs of changeability. At an operational level, a lot of activities are focused on physical and logical reconfiguration including reconfigurable

*The identified gap between current production systems and the Industry 4.0 concept.*

material handling systems. Interfaces between mechanical structures have been studied for easy-to-use and plug-and-producible concept, and construction kits for modular material handling systems have been developed to realize the concept. A conceptual framework of reconfigurable conveyor system that supports physical and logical reconfiguration is introduced.

Future fields of research in production engineering will focus greatly on enhancing the autonomy and changeability of the production system. In line with the Industry 4.0, Artificial Intelligence and Cyber-Physical System technologies also need to be implemented for the enhancement of the conceptual framework. Strong interdisciplinary activities in this research field are, therefore, to be anticipated in the next few years.

## **Acknowledgements**

The author are pleased to acknowledge the financial and administrative support from Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka and the Minister of Education (MOE), Malaysia under the FRGS/1/2014/TK01/FKP/03/F00229 Research grant project entitles "A novel concept of reconfigurable material handling systems to support changeability in manufacturing". Special thanks also go to all the researchers who contributed to the research.

*Mass Production Processes*
