**Author details**

however, further modifications using system identification with least square method (LSM), Taylor series expansion, and filtering methods can be employed for

Thanks to PAF Karachi Institute of Economics and Technology for providing

There is no conflict of interest between authors, and authors are well aware of

increasing the accuracies of the results.

*Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations*

CFD computational fluid dynamics

*dt* change in system material derivative with time

*dx* change in shear stress in x-direction with time

*dt* change in forward velocity with time

*fx* body forces in x-direction due to gravity *fy* body forces in x-direction due to gravity *fz* body forces in x-direction due to gravity

*dx* dissipation rate gradient in x-direction

*dt* pressure gradient with respect to time

*dt* derivation of density with time change

∇ � ð Þ *ρ* � *v* time rate of change of volume of moving fluid

*uj* and *xj* velocity and position vectors, respectively

*dx* velocity gradient in x-direction

FDM flight dynamic model FDR flight data recorder AoA angle of attack FDR flight data recorder V velocity vector

*dx* temperature gradient *e* symmetric stress tensor

*dx* pressure gradient

ρ density P pressure t time

*μ*<sup>t</sup> Eddy viscosity

*ν<sup>t</sup>* kinematic eddy viscosity γ intermittency factor *F1* blending function

*K* turbulent kinetic energy

, *σt*, *σω* shearing constants *K*�ε K-epsilon model *K*�ω K-omega model

**Acknowledgements**

extra time for research.

**Conflict of interests**

the submission.

**Nomenclature**

*DBsys*

*DU*

*∂τxx*

*DT*

*∂u*

*∂p*

*∂k*

*∂p*

*∂ρ*

β\*

**162**

Adil Loya<sup>1</sup> \*, Shoaib Arif<sup>2</sup> , Muhammad Arsalan<sup>3</sup> , Siraj Anis<sup>1</sup> , Arsalan Khan1 , Muhammad Saad Saeed<sup>1</sup> and Abdul Hameed Siddiqui<sup>2</sup>

1 PAF Karachi Institute of Economics and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan

2 National University of Science and Technology, Risalpur, Pakistan

3 Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey

\*Address all correspondence to: adil.loya@pafkiet.edu.pk

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
